بررسي منطق دو گانه علّي ملاصدرا وسه گانه فردي ابن عربي در تبيين وحدت وجود

A Study of the Causal Duality Logic of Mulla Sadra and Unparalleled (Fardi) Triality Logic of Ibn Arabi in of Unity of Being

به ظاهر، دست نوشته هاي ابن عربي خالي از واژه وحدت وجود و اثبات فلسفيِ آن است، اما همواره اثبات وحدت شخصي وجود در تاريخ عرفان نظري و حكمت متعاليه زيربنايي ترين مسيله و درعين حال پُر سروصدا بوده است. شارحان ابن عربي مانند ابن تركه و همچنين ملاصدرا به اثبات فلسفي وحدت وجود پرداخته اند. به نظر نگارنده، روح عرفان ابن عربي وحدت وجودي است، اما به شيوه منطق علّي- معلولي روي خوشي نشان نمي دهد. ازاين روي، تلاش شده تا برمبناي آراي ابن‌عربي منطق جديد سه گانه (فردي) استخراج شود تا براساس آن بتوان بهتر وحدت وجود را تبيين كرد. به گفته ابن عربي تا فرديتي نباشد، ظهوري رخ نمي دهد و احديت در باطن يگانه خود مي ماند. از اهداف اين مقاله فراروي از شيوه مالوف منطقي است، به طوري كه قوام فلسفه در تبيين هستي برمبناي «علّيت» است - هرچند معلول عين ربط به علت باشد- اما در نگرش عرفاني كه برمبناي «تجلي» است، شايسته نيست در تحليل ساختار هستي به علّيت فروكاسته شود، بلكه سزاوار است شيوه تبيين تغيير كند. به‌همين خاطر اين «فرديت» كه بر منطق انسان كامل استوار است، سوداي آن دارد تا در تمامي مراتب وجود يعني زبان، ذهن، گزاره و حضرت شيوه يگانه خود را نشان دهد و بين وجود حقيقي و عاريتي تفاوت بگذارد.

Although the manuscripts of Ibn Arabi lack any mention of the concept of unity of being (Wahdat al- Wujud) and its philosophical demonstration, the issue of personal unity of being has always been the most fundamental and at the same time the most controversial issue in the history of theoretical mysticism and transcendental philosophy. The expositors of Ibn Arabi including Ibn Turkeh as well as Mulla Sadra have tried to philosophically prove the unity of being. The contention of the present paper is that the spirit of Ibn Arabi’s mysticism is pantheism, but it is not compatible with cause-effect logic. Hence, attempts have been made to extract a triality (fardi) logic to be used as a base for explanation of unity of being. According to Ibn Arabi, until there is no individuality, there is no manifestation and singularity will remain in its single inner being. Attempts have been made in this paper to go beyond customary logical method. As the integrity of philosophy lies in explanation of existence on the basis of causality – although the effect may be the very connection to the cause – in mystical approach, which is based on manifestation, it is not appropriate to reduce the existence to causality in analyzing the structure of existence, rather it is appropriate to change the method of explanation. Hence, this individuality, which is based on the logic of perfect man, tries to show its single method in all levels of being, that is, language, mind, statement and world makes distinction between the true and borrowed beings.