ميلادنگاري در سه قرن نخست با تكيه بر نقش اصحاب امامان

Birth-recording during the First Century with Emphasis on the Role of the Companions of Imams

«مولدنگاري» شاخه‌اي از تاريخ‌نگاري اسلامي است كه اصحاب امامان آن را در قرن دوم و به‌دنبال تحولات سياسي ـ فكري بنيان نهادند. اصحاب امامان در سيره نبوي و سيره اهل‌بيت كتب متعددي با ريزموضوعاتي متنوع نگاشته‌اند؛ اما به‌رغم تجربه‌اي كه در نگارش سيره نبوي وجود داشت، سيره جامعي از همه امامان در عصر خود ايشان تدوين نكردند. در اين ميان برخي مولدنگاري‌ها ـ بدون آنكه شرح حال كاملي از زندگاني آنان به‌دست دهد ‌ـ به لحاظ زماني جامع و شامل همه امامان مي‌شود. در اين شاخه بررسي ولادت افراد مورد توجه قرار گرفت، اما به‌تدريج سامان و ارتقا يافت، رويكردها و كاركردهاي متنوعي پيدا كرد و در عرض خود شاخه مستقلي به‌نام «وفات‌نگاري» را توليد نمود. اين دو شاخه در ابتدا دوشادوش هم حركت كردند، اما وفات‌نگاري شتاب گرفت، سير تكاملي خود را پيمود تا آنكه ابن‌خلكان با نگارش كتاب وفيات الاعيان نقطه عطفي در آن ايجاد كرد. اين نوشتار درصدد بررسي پيدايي، گسترش و سير تاريخي مولدنگاري اصحاب امامان و تحليل علل رويكرد و تحولات دروني آن است.

Birth-recording is a branch of Islamic historiography founded by Imams’ companions after politico-ideological changes in the second century. Imams’ companions have written various books with fine various topics within prophetic and Ahl ul-Bayt tradition. But despite of the presented experience in prophetic tradition, they did not compile a comprehensive tradition of all of the Imams of their own era. Although among these works there may be found some cases of birth-recording comprehensive in terms of time and including all Imams, they lack an all-embracing biography of them. Analyzing the birth of Imams was taken into account in this field and gradually began to be organized and promoted. As a result, various functions and approaches were emerged among which we can refer to an independent branch called “death-recording”. At first, these two branches were conducted side by side but death-recording had taken acceleration and had undergone its own evolution until Ibn Khallakan provided a turning point by writing the book Vafyat ul-A’yan. This paper intends to analyze the historical emergence, expansion and evolution of the birth-recording of the Imams’ companions as well as its internal changes and causes of the approach.