گفتار روي تصوير و بررسي كاركردهاي آن در فيلم هاي داستاني

Voice-Over Narration and the Study of Its Functions in Fiction Films

چكيده مهم ترين كاركرد گفتار روي تصوير، كمك به عمل روايت است. اما اين كمك به رو شهاي بسيار متنوع و گسترده اي صورت مي پذيرد. گفتار روي تصوير را مي توان به مثابه ابزاري براي عمق بخشيدن به جنبه هاي روا نشناختي و روشنفكرانه روايت برشمرد. تماشاگر گاه افكار و احساسات كاراكترها را از طريق گفتار روي تصوير درك ميك‌ند و به همذا تپنداري با آنها مي پردازد. خطاب مستقيم م يتواند صميمت خاصي را ميان تماشاگر و راوي به وجود آورد. گفتار روي تصوير در بازنمايي سينمايي زمان و دريافت مخاطب از زمان تاثير مستقيم دارد. گاهي براي ايجاد تعليق يا ابهام و غافلگيري از اين تكن كي استفاده مي شود. در پاره اي از موارد داستان فيلم از طريق تصاوير و گفت وگوها پيش مي رود؛ اما گفتار روي تصوير، بي توجه به آنها به مسايلي مي پردازد كه ساختار فيلم را چندلايه م يسازند و آن را ارتقا م يبخشند. مي توان كاركردهاي ديگري را نيز براي گفتار روي تصوير در نظر گرفت. اين مقاله بر آن است تا از طريق بررسيِ تنوع يا گوناگونيِ كاركردهاي گفتار روي تصوير در سينما، در اين انگاشت و تصور كه استفاده از اين تكن كي، دلالت بر ضعف روايتگري سينمايي دارد، ترديد و تش كيك ورزد

Abstract Cinema in elementary education is trying to convey the students, that using the voice over narration is an unforgivable mistake. The voice over narration has been technique called in film to help convey greater depth and meaning to the audience. Whereas on the one hand, there are several professionals who see it as a crutch when the director or writer is unable to move along the storyline effectively within a given scene. On the other hand, however, when it is used effectively, voice over narration can be inserted as an active agent to help provide greater impact and understanding to the audience in a way that a complex actor’s performance or scenery cannot convey. The voice over narration can be a successful narrative technique only as long as it conveys something different from the visual narrative and the narrative conveyed in the dialogue. “Double telling” is a successful device only if the point of the narration is to highlight information or themes already expressed in the plot. The most important function of voice over narration is to aid the cinematic narration. But this help is done in wide and very diverse ways. The voice over narration can reveal the inner thoughts of cither the major characters or the minor ones sometimes these inner thoughts reveal the special hidden ideas of issues that wouldn’t be apparent without the voice. Narrating by the first person Voice over narration may create a special intimacy between the audience and the narrator. In many ways voice over narration allows the viewer to obtain more information compared even with the main characters depicted in the story. Voice over narration takes audience from time to time and relates the segments to each other. In many films that have been adapted from plays (pieces) or novels, it is choosed to retain certain parts of the original narration, especially when it creates a voice of its own. Also the voice over narration can be considered as a means to give depth to the psychological and intellectual aspects of narrative. The voice over narration in the cinematic representation and the audience received of time includes a direct effect. Sometimes this technique is used to create suspense, ambiguity and surprise; and sometimes it creates ironic situations. In some cases plot going on through images and dialogues but the voice over narration without regard to them explored the issues that made the multilayered structure of the film and its enhances. Many different functions can be perceived for voice over narration. This article, by exploring a variety of functions of voice over narration in the cinema, challenges the notion that the use of this technique implies a find of weakness to the cinematic narration. To achieve this purpose, it tries to present a practical as well as appropriate classification of the main functions of this technique in fiction films. To clarify this discussion, several films are represented as the related examples and the role of voice over narration in their narratives is studied. Finally it seems that the proper use of voice over narration will express its positive role in cinematic expression.