سياست مذهبي حكومت ايلخاني؛ تسامح يا آشفتگي مذهبي؟

Religious Policy of Ilkhanid Government: Negligence or Religious Chaos?

مغولان نخستين مهاجمان غيرمسلماني بودند كه توانستند بر بخش گسترده‌اي از جهان اسلام مسلط شوند و خلافت عباسي را از ميان بردارند. عقايد شمني و غير ديني مغولان و بي‌توجهي آنان به مساله دين سبب شد كه سياست‌هاي آنان در عرصه‌ مذهبي دچار سردرگمي و آشفتگي شود كه گاه از اين امر با عنوان سياست تسامح ديني ياد مي‌شود. اين موضوع به عنوان پرسش اصلي اين مقاله، بدين شكل مطرح مي‌شود كه آيا ايلخانيان در برابر مسايل مذهبي، سياست تسامح ديني در پيش گرفتند يا بي‌اعتقادي آنها به دين، منجر به آشفتگيِ سياست‌هاي مذهبي در قلمروي آنها شد؟ و پي‌آمد سياست مذهبي آنان براي دنياي اسلام، به‌ويژه سرزمين ايران چه بود؟ بررسي تمايلات ديني متفاوت و گاه متضاد ايلخانان مغول، طي يك قرن حكومت بر ايران نشان مي‌دهد كه سياست‌هاي آنان بيش از آن‌كه متاثر از نگاه تساهلي باشد به سبب بي‌اعتقادي به هرگونه باور ديني بود و تحت تاثير مسايل و روابط سياسي با قدرت‌هاي پيراموني، فعاليت‌هاي شخصيت‌هاي برجسته ديواني و تحرك زنان با نفوذ حرم سلطان تغيير مي‌كرد و بر شرايط مسلمانان به طور عام و شيعيان به طور خاص تاثير مي‌گذارد.

Mongolians were the first non-Muslim emigrants who could take the domination of an extensive part of the world of Islam and discharged Abbasid caliphate. The shamanic and non-religious ideas of them as well as their negligence towards this issue led to the chaotic policies regarding religion. So this matter is stated as the policy of religious negligence and as the main question of article, it is stated in a way that “if Ilkhanids took religious negligence policy towards religious issues or their lack of beliefs in religion led to chaos of religious policies in their realm; moreover what was their religious policy towards the world of Islam particularly to Iran?” The investigation of the diverse and occasionally opposed religious tendencies of Mongolian Ilkhanids during a century of government in Iran declares that their policies is mostly due to their lack of belief in any religious issue and it could change under the influence of the political issues and relationships with the powers around, the activities of Divan outstanding characters as well as the movement of influential women of harem of sultan and it could affect on the conditions of Muslims generally and Shiites particularly.