پديده قهرمانگي در عصر عباسي (232-334 ق)

Heroism in Abbasid Period 232-334 (After Hijrah)

در عصر دوم خلافت عباسي (232 ـ 334 ق)، به ويژه در ايام خلافت مقتدر بالله (295 ـ 320 ق) با پديده‌اي به نام قهرمانگي روبه‌رو مي‌شويم. قهرمانه عنوان زناني بود كه واسطه حرم با دربار خلفا بودند و بسته به توانايي و نفوذشان وظايف مختلفي به آنان محول مي‌شد. سلطه تركان بر امور خلافت، ماهيت فردي و ضعف روز افزون مقتدر و كشمكش بر سر قدرت باعث گرديد قهرمانه‌ها با بهره‌گيري از اين شرايط به اعمال نفوذ در عرصه‌هاي مختلف سياسي و اجتماعي بپردازند. آنان در امور مختلف خلافت، چون عزل و نصب وزرا، اميران و فرماندهان سپاه دخالت مي‌كردند و صاحب مناصب حساس و مهمي چون قضا ، خزانه داري و زندان‌باني افراد برجسته شدند. اين مقاله با بررسي اين پديده و معرفي تعدادي از قهرمانه‌هاي معروف عصر خليفه مقتدر بالله، به مسيله حضور زنان در عرصه سياست مي‌پردازد.

In the second stage of Abbasid caliphate in 232-334 (After Hijrah), particularly in time of the caliphate of Moqtader bellah in 295-320 (After Hijrah), we encounter with a trend called heroism. Hero was titled to women who were the mediator between harem and court and they were assigned different responsibilities depended on their capability and authority. The domination of Turks on different affairs, the individual identity and the gradual decline of Moqtadir’s power as well as the dispute over power led to heroes’ taking benefits of these conditions and their authorization in different political and social grounds. They were interfering in the diverse affairs of caliphate such as the dismissal and appointment of ministers, emirs and army commanders and also they were given significant ranks such as judgment, treasury, and the guard of prison of prominent people. Through the investigation of this trend and the introduction of some eminent heroes in time of Moqtader bellah, this article considers the presence of women in the ground of policy.