نقش تحولات سياسي در اوضاع تجاري خراسان در دو سده نخست اسلامي

The Role of Political Developments in Commercial Conditions of Khorasan during the First Two Decades of Islam

خراسان از لحاظ موقعيت تجاري ساليان متمادي پل ارتباطي شرق و غرب به‌شمار مي‌رفت. اين منطقه از طريق راه‌هاي تجاري به مناطقي مانند هند و چين و اروپاي شرقي و تبّت وصل مي‌شد. از طرف ديگر وجود بازارهاي پر رونق در شهرهاي مختلف مانند بلخ، مرو و نيشابور به موقعيت تجاري آنجا رونق داده بود. اين مقاله درصدد بررسي اوضاع اقتصادي خراسان و رابطه آن با كنش‌هاي سياسي منطقه از سده اول تا برآمدن نخستين دولت محلي مي‌باشد و مي‌توان به اين نتيجه رسيد كه رونق تجارت در اين منطقه تحولات سياسي و تاريخي مهمي را در آنجا رقم زده بود، كه مي‌توان از شكل‌گيري داستان‌هاي حماسي، ورود يزدگرد ساساني به آنجا، حضور قبايل كثير اعراب، سقوط امويان و برآمدن عباسيان و نيز تشكيل اولين دولت‌هاي محلي پس از سقوط ايران به دست مسلمانان ياد كرد كه ظرفيت اقتصادي آن تاثير بسزايي در اين زمينه داشت.

In terms of commercial situations, Khorasan was deemed to be the connection path of west and east for many years. This region was connected to other regions such as India, China, Eastern Europe, and Tibet through commercial paths. In addition, existence of the thriving markets in various cities such as Balkh, Marv, and Neishbour has flourished its commercial situation. The paper intends to study the economic situation of Khorasan and its relations with the political acts of the region from the first century to rise of the first local government. It could be concluded that trade in this region had brought about important political and historical developments among which we can refer to formation of epic stories, entrance of Sasanid Yazdgerd to this region, presence of numerous Arab tribes, the fall of Umayyads and the rise of Abbasids as well as formation of the first local governments after the fall of Iranians by Muslims while its economic capacity had a significant impact in this regard.