بررسي مكان گزيني مسكن و اثرات آن بر الگوهاي توسعه شهري

Investigating Housing Cite and Its Effect on Urban Development Models Case Study: Borojerd Mehr Housing

جمعیت شهری در دنیا به شدت رو به افزایش است و این افزایش جمعیت، چالش­هایی را برای توسعه­ پایدار به همراه داشته است كه از آن جمله می­توان به كمبود مسكن به­ویژه برای طبقات فقیر اشاره كرد. در كشور ما نیز در حال حاضر 5/71 درصد جمعیت در نقاط شهری ساكن هستند و مسكن شهرنشینان به یكی از موضوعات اساسی در جامعه تبدیل شده است. در این پژوهش بحث مكان­گزینی مسكن مهر كه از سیاست­های دولت نهم و دهم است و تأثیر آن روی مدل توسعه­ درون­زا و برون‌زای شهری بررسی و مطالعه شده است. بررسی­ها در مورد شهر بجنورد كه مورد مطالعه این پژوهش است، نشان می­دهد كه حدود 93 درصد از 6205 واحد مسكونی مسكن مهر شهر بجنورد، در بافت منفصل در قالب شهرك گلستان احداث شده است. نتایج تحقیق كه با روش توصیفی- تحلیلی انجام شده، نشان می­دهد كه معیارهای عمده­ مكان­گزینی، بحث مالكیت زمین و شاخص­های طبیعی بوده است و به شاخص­های اقتصادی و اجتماعی كم­تر توجه شده است. این مسأله سبب تداوم مدل شهر پراكنده شده كه با اصول شهرهای پایدار هم­خوانی مناسبی ندارد

The urban population of the world is increasing and this increase in population has caused challenges Such as poverty, climate change, traffic and shortage of housing for the poor in sustainable development. In 2008, more than half of the worldʹs population lived in urban areas. The number of world urban people predicted will be more than 5 billion by 2030year.Predicted that between 2000 and 2030 the urban population will double in Asia and Africa. Estimated in Asia until 2020, more than 2/2 billion people will live in urban areas. Metropolises of the world will be to more than 500 with half in Asia. Selection location and develop urban areas for citizen welfare is essential government action to people residing.Growth urbanization in our country were high in recent decades and between 1335 to 1385 the share of urban population has increased from 31.5 percent to 68.5 percent. Now in Iran from population of 75 million people 71.5 percent population living in urban areas and urban housing has been to one of main issues in the community. The purpose of this research is to identify the development Bojnourd model. Subject of this study is selected in the location of Mehr housing of policies ninth and tenth government and their impact on the urban development models.the main questions in this study is, the main indicators considered for locating Mehr Bojnoord housing units what? And that Location of Mehr housing in Bojnoord city what impact on the urban development models? This research is descriptive-analytical Methods. Information Complete through library studies and field observations and then reviewed and analyzed. Then based on the research findings, were provided suggestions for this case study. Location, select a location is for a phenomenon or an activity on the Earthʹs surfaceand that is very important to the city and urban planning. Case Study in this research is Bojnourd city. Bojnourd with a population of 200 thousand inhabitants is located in Iran northeastern and North Khorasan province. According Bojnourd comprehensive plan, city area is 2854.5 hectares. Residential area is ​​785.6 hectares and 23.4 percent of the city area is barren. About 725 hectares of land in the city has been left vacant. About 380 hectares of city land is non-urban area and recyclable. Studies show that the barren land distributed in city old, middle and outer Textures. Bojnourd barren hand use have been abandoned 7.9% of the land old texture, 6.8 percent of the area median Texture and 33.4 percent of outer Texture from 725 hectare of barren land in the city located 620 hectare in the outer tissues. So nearly double the residential land use in the outer tissue is barren lands in this the tissue. Golestan town is located at a distance of 4 kmnorthto the city of Bojnourd and area that is 272 hectares. The main criteria for the location of this town is the proper slope, lack of topographic effects, intuitive landscape towards the city and low the groundwater level.So it seems the location criteria Mehr housing is not economically–socially. Bojnourd Mehr housing has increased about 10 percent city area. Mehr housing decreases density of population in city with 1.3 people of so development model has been Sprawl expanding. According to scientific studies, urban dispersed growth caused problems for the city and citizens and for solve the problems of infill development is defined as development that is Closer to a city sustainable. Our Studiesshow that the Bojnourd city model in the past decades Sprawl expanding model. Building Mehr housing in recent years at Bojnourd city continued this process. Most of the residential units have been built in Golestan Town and only a small number from this housing units built in Within the City. Studies show that 93 percent of 6205 Bojnourd Mehr housing unit Built in Golestan town to form the discontinuous texture. The main criteria selection for site is land property and natural indicators regardless of socio-economic dictators. The model sprawl city that is formed not disproportionate with sustainable city. Finally Bojnoord infill development is essential for the future development and urban managers have to put that on the agenda from today.