بررسي و نقد آموزه تجسّد در مسيحيت

Study and Criticism of Incarnation in Chrisitianity

آموزه «تجسّد» يكي از باورهاي اساسي راست كيشي مسيحي است كه اصول ديگري چون تثليث و فديه مبتني بر آن است اين عقيده، از آغاز با مجادلات كلامي متعددي درباره ماهيت و چگونگي اتحاد دو طبيعت انساني و الهي در عيسي مسيح و نحوه كاربرد زبان شناختي آن، در قرون متاخر مواجه بوده است. در اين مقاله،‌ ابتدا منشا پيدايش نظريه تجسّد و شواهدي بر طبيعت انساني و الوهي مسيح، از منبع اصلي مسيحيت يعني كتاب مقدس و نيز اعتقادنامه كالسدون بررسي شده و سپس دو رويكرد عمده انديشمندان مسيحي درباره آن، يعني مفهوم حقيقي و مجازي، تبيين‌گرديده و در نهايت نقدهايي بر رويكرد اول مانند: ‌نامفهوم‌بودن، متناقض‌بودن و . . . مطرح شده‌است.

The issue of Incarnation is one of the fundamental beliefs in Christianity on which others principles such as The Holy Trinity or Ransom Theory of Atonement are based. From the beginning, this belief has faced numerous discussions regarding the nature and manner of the unity between human and divine natures in Jesus Christ, and the language used for understanding it. In this paper, the source of creation for the theory of incarnation and some evidence regarding the human and divine nature of Jesus Christ have been studied. These studies have been carried out by using the main source of Christianity, that is the Holy Book, and also the Chalcedonian Definition. Afterwards, two of the main approaches of Christian scholars, that is True Meaning and Virtual Meaning, have been explained and, in the end, certain criticisms such as obscurity, inconsistency etc. regarding the first approach have been proposed.