بازشناسي اصول، مولفه ها و شاخص هاي فطري سازمان بندي شهر اسلامي

Recognition of Principles, Components and Natural Indicators of Islamic City

چكيده شهر محدوده اي مشخص از فعاليت هاي پاسخگو به نيازهاي انساني است كه متناسب با ويژگي ها، تفكرات و رويكردهاي او سازمان يافته و در جهت كمال و سعادت وي تحقق مي يابد. شكل گيري شهر وابسته به جهان بيني و بينش انسان و ميزان مطلوبيت و كيفيت آن به فضاي عقلاني و اعتقادي تفكرات او باز مي گردد. دين اسلام به عنوان يك بينش برخاسته از جهان بيني توحيدي، اصولي را براي زندگي و مشي انسان ها در زمين تعريف كرده كه هم برگرفته از صفات مطلق الهي است و هم از خاستگاهي فطري، عقلاني و به تبع آن اعتقادي برخوردار مي‌باشد. بينشي كه كمال و استعلاي انسان را مورد هدف دارد و وي را به سوي صفات الهي رهنمون مي سازد و نيز با ويژگي مشترك تمامي انسان ها در اديان مختلف، در ارتباط است. بر پايه اين بينش الهي در سازمان بندي شهر نيز، اصول، مولفه ها و شاخص هايي فطري ارايه مي‌نمايد تا شهري پويا، آرماني، عقلاني، فعال، كمال يافته و رباني پديدار گردد. ضرورت اين تحقيق بر دست يابي به اصول و شاخص هاي سازمان شهر از نظر اسلام است كه هدف آن پاسخ گويي به نيازها و خواسته هاي فطري انسان براي رسيدن به كمال و سعادت، در تمام ساحت هاي وجودي مي‌باشد. تحقيق حاضر بر بازشناسي و دسته بندي مولفه ها و شاخص هاي شهراسلامي متناسب با گرايش هاي فطري مشترك انساني با رفتار عقلايي، به عنوان ضرورت رسيدن به زندگي رباني و اصول موثر بر ساختار كالبدي اجتماعي شهر، توجه و تاكيد دارد. روش اين تحقيق از يك سو توصيفي-تحليلي است كه با تحليل محتوايي و كالبدي پيش رفته و از ماهيت راهبرد تفسيري برخوردار است. از سوي ديگر با روش استدلال منطقي-تحليلي به توصيف و ارايه مصاديقي از شهر اسلامي و شاخص هاي سازمان بندي شهر رباني مي پردازد. بر پايه يافته‌هاي تحقيق، اصول شهر اسلامي بر مبناي ويژگي هاي فطري انسان و تحليل هست ها و بايدهاي كالبدي اجتماعي شهر و دسته بندي آن ها در پنج گرايش فطري تشريح شده است. اين گرايش ها بنابر نظر شهيد مطهري شامل حقيقت جويي و رسيدن به كمال، خير و فضيلت، جمال و زيبايي، خلاقيت و ابداع و گرايش به عشق و پرستش مي باشند كه مبناي نتيجه گيري تحقيق در بازشناسي اصول قرار گرفته‌اند و با آيات و روايات نيز بررسي تطبيقي شده‌اند. واژه هاي كليدي: بازشناسي فطري، شهر رباني، شاخص هاي اجتماعي، مولفه هاي كالبدي، سازمان بندي شهر اسلامي.

City is consisted of a range of specific activities which are responsive to human needs. It deals with human’s features, thoughts and approaches and struggles to achieve formation of the city depending on his world-view and insight. Degree of desirability and quality of the city relates to intellectual space that are prevailing on it. Islam as a human insight which is rooted from their worldview that have defunded the tenet for human life has defined principles for human’s lifestyles which consists of absolute attributes of God, human’s and intellectual origins. This subject directs human perfection to the attributes of God, because it is related to human nature and common property of humans. The organization of the Islamic city present components and indexes propound life and idealistic city components and index that is proportional to human nature differ with insight. Accordingly, the necessity of the research is achieving the principle of Islamic city and response to human needs for achieve perfection. This paper deals with attitudes, categories component and indicators Islamic city that is proportional to the common natural tendencies. On the one hand, the research is a cross-sectional one that processes with analysis and physical content and it is strategic nature of interpretive. On the other hand, by using (logical-analytical) reasoning, it begins description and presentation of instances Islamic city and index organization city. Based on the research data, principal of Islamic city is based on inherent characteristics of human and social body of city that describe five natural tendencies. The trends according to martyr Motahhari’s opinion in book of nature consists of truth and achieve perfection, goodness and virtue, beauty, creativity and innovation and tendency to worship. This results for principles recognition. Accordingly, what is the meaning and principles derived from five natural tendencies was argument base on the Islam. It comes from innate human that trends to truth and achieve to the knowledge of indigenous and monotheistic. Also, the piety, introspection and Unitarianism is influenced. The tendency to goodness and virtue, personal and social virtue and justice will prevail in the city. Beauty trends reinforce beautiful sense at the individual community and content physical level. Creativity is an innate human tendency to feel that the Islam city of guidance, correction and makes lessons. Pure nature human in premier authority show trending to love and worship the qualities such as meditation, thank and centralism at the Islamic city. Meanings, principle influence by trends indicate that most cases be explained by characteristics of man- made, belief, values, realms of human existence and in other word, it is his worldwide. The root of all bad ones originated from ignorance and irrationality and the city that as worldview based on the human form has higher status in comparison with what is free of thought and intellect. So what qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the human body define is the wisdom or knowledge of the truth. Wisdom is the branch of the divine inspiration of the hidden secret in nature and the human body that god has entrusted. Wisdom is divine messenger of God that is strong and rich source of Islam that has interactive relationship with nature and the law. The urban design based on intellectual foundations of Islam, the principles of Islamic life and its behavioral pattern. Human and rational behavior flows in any of its spaces. On the other hand, the fact-based wisdom know and must be guidance until it guides him, and guidance as to the person who created the universe and man and knows him, who his needs .he is aware of the higher interests. Establish his eternal life and gives him schedules. Meaning, principles influenced by trends indicate that most cases explained by man-made characteristics of Islam is based on understanding of man and his objectives do and do not and indexes in religious texts such as “ Quran “ which is at the top of them. Shariah principles based on reason and consequently natural human tendencies and trends in response to insight or knowledge and asks to come to the intellectual life of the human being is perfect. Criteria and indicators can be divided in five groups of orientation and mental demands of his innate tendency to reach the truth and perfection, goodness and virtue, beauty, creativity, innovation and love and worship and because it is a response to all his needs, these trends provide the background of his relaxation and confidence and since the nature is put in the man and we all accept the fact that God is the accepted wisdom of human thought. Each of the five branches of arguments based on the intended meaning is rooted in the principles, criteria and indicators proposed by the organization identifies the Islamic city. Because these components are rooted in the principles and concepts appropriate to the areas affected by natural and man shall enjoy the physical and social aspect. In this way the city is structured according to Islamic social and physical factors and indicators are formed, is the rational and intellectual city that as human nature which is divided in the form (appearance) and means (conscience) program of physical (body) and affers community. Accordingly, we can say that Islamic city gaits on the worldview, belief, and human existence realm and by recognizing the existence realm and by recognizing the existence of real human needs and it’s identification, it troop fields flourishing spiritual life and growth of human perfection. Based on this research, communion city in the physical aspect is originated based on the spiritual and influenced by religious. The nature is inherent characteristics of human with knowledge-based thoughts that create form and communion morality and communion city is effective in its intensity and the effect. Keywords: Natural Tendencies, City of God, Social Component, Physical Indicators, Organization of the Islamic City.