بررسي تاثير تسهيلات دولت در استحكام و معماري مساكن روستايي (نمونه مورد مطالعه: دهستان سرجام)

The Study of Impact of Government Facilities on Reinforcement and Architecture of Rural Housing (Case study: Mashhad County, Sarjam Village)

مسكن روستايي تجلي گاه شيوه هاي زيستي، معيشتي و نهايتاً نيروها و عوامل موثر محيطي و روندهاي اجتماعي- اقتصادي تاثيرگذار در شكل بخشي به آن ها است و هر گونه تغيير در الگوي سكونت و مساكن جامعه روستايي، دگرگوني و تحول گسترده اي را در ابعاد مختلف زندگي خانوار روستايي به‌وجود مي آورد، لذا تغيير در معماري مساكن روستاييان نيازمند برنامه‌ريزي انديشمندانه و مطالعات علمي مبتني بر شناخت مي‌باشد. با توجه به اهميت مسكن به‌عنوان يكي از نيازهاي اساسي، دولت سياست‌هايي را براي ساماندهي مساكن روستايي اتخاذ نمود. يكي از اين برنامه‌ها ارايه تسهيلات در جهت مقاوم‌سازي و ارتقاي كيفي مساكن روستايي است كه در طي اين روند تحولات كالبدي چشم‌گيري را در مساكن روستايي موجب گرديده است. بر اين اساس مقاله حاضر به بررسي تاثير تسهيلات مسكن در مقاوم‌سازي مساكن روستايي و همچنين الگوهاي معماري مورد استفاده در روستاهاي دهستان سرجام واقع در بخش احمدآباد شهرستان مشهد پرداخته است. نتايج تحقيق نشان مي‌دهد تسهيلات مسكن موجب مقاوم‌سازي و برخورداري مساكن روستايي از خدمات بهداشتي شده است، اما با توجه به يكنواختي نقشه هاي تيپ ارايه شده از سوي بنياد مسكن به‌عنوان نهاد مسيول و عدم در نظر گرفتن ويژگي‌هاي اقتصادي، فرهنگي، فيزيكي و اقليمي منطقه اين تسهيلات موجب اضمحلال معماري بومي روستاها شده و دوگانگي در ساخت و سازهاي روستايي را به‌وجود آورده است. روش تحقيق در اين مقاله توصيفي – تحليلي مبتني بر آزمون هاي آماري اسپيرمن و كي دو بوده و براي جمع آوري اطلاعات از روش كتابخانه اي، پيمايشي استفاده شده است. نرم افزارهاي مورد استفاده در اين تحقيق EXCEL ، SPSS و Auto cad مي‌باشد.

Rural housing manifests biological and livelihood practices and ultimately effective environmental factors and forces and trends of Socio-economic impact in giving shape to them. Any changes in settlement patterns and housing in rural communities, causes an extensive transformation and developments in various aspects of the rural households. Thus, changing in the architecture of rural housing requires thoughtful planning and knowledge-based scientific studies. Regarding the importance of housing as one of the basic needs, the government adopted policies for the improvement of rural housings .So, after the Islamic revolution occurred in early 1980 in Iran, planning for improvement of housing condition in rural areas became one the most important concerns for the Iranian Governments due to the incommensurate and substandard housing in rural areas and several development plans were employed. One of these programs is providing facilities to reinforce and upgrade the quality of rural housing, which during this trend led to significant physical developments in rural buildings. Accordingly, this article examines the impact of housing facilities on reinforcing rural housing and also architectural patterns used in Sarjam village located in Ahmadabad district in Mashhad County. The question is that “how much did these government facilities improve reinforcement and architecture of housing in these rural areas? The research method in this paper is descriptive- analytical based on statistical tests of Spearman and Kyodo. Gathering information was done using Library and Survey or field method research methods. Software used in this study includes EXCEL, SPSS, and Auto cad. The sample size consists of the villages above 20 households in rural area of Sarjam village who received facilities from 2006 to 2010, and the project covered about 223 households that were selected using classification probability sampling. Cochran method was used to determine sample size which was estimated to be 141 household. The results show that housing facilities led to reinforcing the rural housing and enjoying health services. But according to the same plan type offered by the Housing Foundation as the responsible authority and not considering the economic, cultural, physical and geographical qualities of the area; these facilities have vanished the vernacular architecture of rural buildings and created a dichotomy in rural constructions