تعيين مناطق شهر_ بنياد در ايران ( مطالعه موردي: استان فارس)

Defining the City-Based Regions in Iran- Case study: Fars Province, Iran

امروزه شهرنشینی منطقه محور به ‌عنوان پدیده‌ای در حال رشد و فراگیر در مباحث برنامه‌ریزی منطقه‌ای و تجزیه­وتحلیل سیستم‌های شهری مطرح است. این پژوهش با هدف ارائه فرایند تعیین مناطق شهر بنیاد، سعی در ارائه گفتمانی واقع‌گرایانه و تبیین روش شناسایی مناطق شهر بنیاد دارد. بر این اساس پژوهش حاضر در پی پاسخ به سئوالات زیر می‌باشد: 1. چگونه می‌توان مناطق شهر بنیاد را تعیین نمود؟ 2. معیارها و شاخص‌های بومی تعیین مناطق شهر بنیاد كدم‌اند؟ 3. مناطق شهر بنیاد استان فارس كدم‌اند؟ از نظر فلسفه تحقیق، پژوهش شناختی حاضر در زمره پژوهش‌های اثبات‌گرایانه است و در آن از روش تحلیل داده‌های ثانویه برای انجام تحلیل‌ها استفاده شده است. در نهایت با استفاده از شاخص‌های جمعیت شهرها، تراكم جمعیت مناطق، شدت شهری شدن مناطق، تراكم نقاط شهری مناطق، پیوند فیزیكی بین سكونتگاه‌ها، فاصله زمانی میان شهرها، وجود جریان‌های كالایی و مسافر میان شهرها و وابستگی خدماتی شهرها، به تعیین مناطق شهر بنیاد استان فارس پرداخته شده است. بر مبنای این پژوهش، استان فارس دارای یك مجموعه شهری به مركزیت شهر شیراز و پنج تجمع شهری آباده_اقلید، فسا_جهرم، كازرون _نورآباد، گراش_لار و نیریز _استهبان می‌باشد. بررسی الگوی ساختار فضایی، ساختار ارتباطی و شاخص شدت شهری شدن این مناطق شهر بنیاد نشان می‌دهد كه مجموعه شهری شیراز و تجمع شهری لار _گراش نسبت به سایر تجمع‌های شهری از  پتانسیل بیشتری برای شكل‌گیری منطقه‌ای كاملاً شهری برخوردارند.

Nowadays, the region – oriented urbanization as a growing and epidemic phenomenon in regional planning and analysis of urban systems has attracted much attention. At present, the spatial order of regions is beyond the traditional categorizing of “core – periphery” and could not be interpreted by the processes of “Walter Kristaler central places theory” and patterns based on traditional “core – periphery” model. This is because these models are basically unable to justify space flows including information and economic flows. Thus, it is necessary to redefine the available realistic and operational processes. Realistic in the sense that explains the current processes and past procedures for the establishment of region and operational in the sense that it has the ability to identify, limit and stabilize neighborhoods and leads to an approach that determines the character of any area and can plan for it.  Currently, region-oriented urbanization is a process that leads to concentration of activities, population, functions and flows which occurs side by side with social polarization and spatial dispersal. This study aims to present an analytical model to determine the foundation of the city and attempt to provide a realistic dialogue and explain the native method of identifying foundation areas of cities. Explaining the need for this model for finding city foundations shows a need for planning and management in these areas in order to maximize the functionality. Thus, the paper answers the following questions: 1-      How can city – based regions be defined? 2-      Which vernacular criteria and indicators affect the definitions of city – based regions?; and 3-      What city – based regions exist in Fars province? From the point of view of research philosophy, this applied research can be categorized as a positivist one and the method of secondary data analysis was used. The necessary data was collected through document-based studies. Finally, using criteria and indicators such as city population, regional population density, density of urban settlements in regions, time interval between cities, goods and passenger flows between cities, and service dependence of cities, the city – based regions of Fars province was defined. In conclusion, the results reveal that in Fars Province only one “conurbation” exists and that centers in Shiraz city and five “Urban Agglomerations” exist in Abadeh-Eqlid, Fasa-Jahrom, Kazeroon-noorabad, Grash-Lar and Neiriz-Estahban. The pattern of spatial structure, the structure of road network and ratio (severity) of urbanization index in these city-based regions show that “Shiraz conurbation” and “Lar-Grash urban agglomeration” have Greater potential for the formation of a complete urban area compared to other city- based regions in the area. However, at the present time, what is important is taking into account the operational mechanism for  planning and integrated management of these areas and to avoid administrative dispersion because of the number of cities and this requires complementary research.