بررسي تطبيقي مفهوم «عشق» نزد فلوطين و مولانا

A Comparative Study of the Concept of "love" from Pluto and Molana’s Perspectives

عنصر عشق كه خداوند آن را با كيمياكاري خاصّ خود، كريمانه به جهان درون و برون آدمي ارزاني داشته، موضوعي اصيل و حياتي است؛ زيرا در ذات آدمي و بنياد هستي ريشه دارد. فلوطين (203 يا 204–270 م) و مولوي (604–672 ه.ق.) ازجمله انديشمنداني هستند كه در موضوع عشق و مفاهيم مرتبط با آن، به تفصيل سخن‌آفريني كرده اند. بررسي بازتاب انديشه هاي نوافلاطوني در متون ادبي و عرفاني، ازجمله در مثنوي مولانا، از جهات بسياري اهميت دارد و پديده مهم عشق نيز ازجمله مفاهيم بلند و رازآميزي است كه به‌نوعي عرفان فلوطين را با عرفان مولوي پيوند مي زند؛ مضاميني كه در آثار بررسي‌شده اين دو شخصيت، در بعضي از موارد يكسان و كاملاً متاثر از يكديگر و در برخي از موارد، ناهمسان و دگرگونه به‌‌نظر مي‌رسند. در اين مقاله، بر پايه روش كتابخانه اي و به ‌شيوه توصيفي، استنباطي و تحليلي، به بررسي مقايسه اي مقوله عشق در «دوره آثار فلوطين» و «مثنوي مولانا» - باوجود فاصله زماني تقريباً هزارساله آن ها از يكديگر- مي‌پردازيم و نمودهاي روشني از هم گوني ها و ناهمگوني هاي مفهوم عشق را در اين دو اثر مورد ارزيابي قرار مي‌دهيم.

‘Love’, which has been so generously bestowed by God upon the inner and outer worlds of human beings is a fundamental and pivotal issue; since it has its roots in the nature of man and the essence of life, and attracts them subconsciously. Pluto (270 AD, p.203 or 204) and Molana (604- 672 Lunar) are among those thinkers, who have talked about and artistically elaborated on love and its related concepts. Influenced by the different thinking atmospheres of their time, their incompatible civilizations as well as other variables of their time that have differently affected them, the two high-minded elites, who had greatly affected the thinking of other thinkers educated by them, were led to view love differently. The examination of the reflections of Neo-platonic thinking in the literary and theosophical texts including Molana Jalal-o-Din Balkhi’s Masnavi is important in many ways, and the important phenomenon of love is a profound and mysterious concept that, in a way, connects Plato’s theosophy with that of Molavi. Certain concepts in the reviewed works of these prominent characters, which have sometimes been taken as identical and influenced by each other, do seem different in some cases. Despite a huge time gap –almost a millennium- between the writing time of “a collection of Pluto’s woks” and Molana’s Masnavi”, this paper aims to compare and contrast the concept of love in these two works through the library method of research using descriptive, inferential and analytic approaches to scrutinize some manifestations of similarities and differences between the viewpoints of these outstanding figures in the realm of insight and wisdom.