چكيده فارسي :
گردشگري يكي از نيازهاي انسان مدرن است و در ميان بخشهاي مختلف اقتصادي، بيشترين رشد و درآمدزايي داشته است. رونق يا كسادي گردشگري در كشورها به عوامل مختلفي بستگي دارد. ايران به‌عنوان يكي از كشورهاي داراي جاذبه‌هاي فراوان تاريخي ـ فرهنگي و طبيعي داراي جايگاه مناسبي از نظر جذب گردشگر بين‌المللي نيست. از اين‌رو، اين تحقيق به‌دنبال شناخت عوامل موثر بر عدم توسعه صنعت گردشگري در ايران است. روش انجام تحقيق به‌شيوه توصيفي كمي و ابزار گردآوري اطلاعات، پرسشنامه و جامعه آماري 75 نفر متشكل از صاحبنظران، متخصصان و برخي مديران دولتي بوده است. تجزيه و تحليل داده‌ها به‌وسيله نرم‌افزار SPSS انجام شده است و از آزمونهاي تحليل واريانس يك‌طرفه و T تك‌نمونه‌اي براي سنجش تاثير معناداري عوامل بر صنعت گردشگري ايران و از آزمون فريدمن براي رتبه‌بندي عوامل استفاده شده است. نتايج تحقيق نشان مي‌دهد كه عوامل سياسي داخلي و خارجي، نهادي و سازماني، زيربنايي و اقتصادي تاثير معناداري بر عدم توسعه گردشگري در ايران دارند و عوامل فرهنگي و ديني، امنيتي و جاذبه‌هاي گردشگري تاثير معناداري به‌عنوان موانع توسعه صنعت گردشگري در ايران ندارند.
چكيده لاتين :
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Tourism is one of important needs of human. This industry has witnessed the most growth and income in the world. Stagnancy or development of tourism in the countries depends on different factors. Iran has a lot of tourism attractions such as cultural, historical, religious, coastal, maritime, natural attractions and climate potentialities. Iran inscribed on the World Heritage List of UNESCO more of its heritages. Therefore, Iran is one of the countries which have some attractions in the world, especially in Middle East. But, Iran does not have suitable situation to attract international tourists in the region and world. Investigation the whys of this situation is the research goal? What obstacles have affected the development of the tourism industry in Iran? This research tries to answer this problem.
After considering research literature and background and designing theoretical framework, 8 factors obtained that consist of internal political factor, external political factor, security factor, cultural and religious factor, economic factor, institutional and organizational factor, infrastructural factor and finally touristic attractions factor.
Methodology
This research tries to investigate effective obstacles to the development of tourism industry in Iran. The research method adopted here is descriptive-analytic and the data gather procedure is based on library and filed finding. The questionnaire is based on Likert scale and the questions number was 34. Questionnaire reliability is measured by Cronbach‘s coefficient alpha and it was 0.87. The Statistical sample is included academic experts, researchers, managers and executive experts of tourism organizations in Iran. 75 people were selected by simple random sampling method and the questionnaires were distributed among them. 67 people answered them. The data analyzed using SPSS by “one-way ANOVA analyze” and “one-sample T test” to measure the significance of factors and also Friedman test was used to rank factors.
Result and Discussion
The results of one-way ANOVA analyze showed that there are significant difference among factors. The results of T test are showed in table 1.
Table 1: The results of T test
Factors t Df Sig. (2-tailed) Test Value
Interior political 13.525 67 0.000 21
Exterior political -3.976 67 0.000 12
Security -0.896 67 0.374 3
Cultural and religious -0.493 67 0.624 21
Institutional 16.680 67 0.000 18
Infrastructural 9.878 67 0.000 12
Touristic attractions -1.798 67 0.078 3
Economic 9.386 67 0.000 12
After determining the effective factors on Iran’s tourism industry, factors were ranked by Friedman test. The results of Friedman test are showed in table 2.
Table 2: The results of Friedman test
Ranks Factors Mean rank Chi-square test
1 Interior political 6.65 N 67
2 Institutional 5.70 Chi-square 155.107
3 Exterior political 5.57 df 7
4 Infrastructural 5.50 Asymp.Sig. 0.000
5 Economic 4.48
6 Cultural and religious 2.93
7 Security 2.66
8 Touristic attractions 2.51
Conclusion
The results showed that internal political factor, external political factor, economic factor, institutional and organizational factor and infrastructural factor have significant effect on the development of the tourism industry in Iran. But, security factor, cultural and religious factor and tourism attractions factor do not have significant effect on tourism industry as well as on the obstacles to the development of tourism. The output of Friedman test showed that internal political factor is the most effective factor with mean 6.65 on tourism industry as well as on the obstacles to the development of tourism and then institutional and organizational factor, external political factor, infrastructural factor and economic factor are located, respectively.
