تبيين رابطـه تمـركـزگـرايــي و توسعـه سيــاسـي در ايـران معاصـر (از مشـروطـه تـا انقـلاب اسـلامـي)

Explain the relationship between centralization and political development in Contemporaneous Iran (from Mashrooteh Era to Islamic Revolution)

تمركزگرايي ناظر بر تمركز، تجمع و انحصار قدرت سياسي است كه با مركزيت گرايي جغرافيايي همراه است، توسعه نيافتگي سياسي نيز در فقدان افزايش كيفي ظرفيت سياسي جامعه و عدم دستيابي به ابزارهاي مشاركت و كثرت گرايي و نهادهاي دموكراتيك خلاصه شده است. پس از استقرار مشروطه با تكوين نوعي كثرت گرايي و مشاركت مردمي و راه اندازي انجمن هاي ايالتي و ولايتي نوعي نظام سياسي غيرمتمركز توسط قاجار به رسميت شناخته شد كه مشاركت نمايندگاني از اقشار، طبقات و ولايات در ساختار سياسي و اداري نمودي از آن بود. با استقرار سلطنت پهلوي، سياست هاي مبتني بر ايجاد نظام سياسي متمركز دولت در پيش گرفته شد و كشور در راستاي ساخت ملت واحد و دولت يكپارچه در مسير متمركز شدن قرار گرفت. با ظهور پهلوي دوم، بازمانده شناسه هاي توسعه سياسي به طور كلي از بين رفت. مقاله حاضر به بررسي رابطـه دو متغير تمركزگرايي به مثابه متغير مستقل و توسعه سياسي به عنوان متغير وابسته پرداخته است. براي ارزيابي و آزمون فرضيه تحقيق و تحليل داده ها از روش تحقيقِ توصيفي ـ تحليلي استفاده شده است. پژوهش حاضر بر اين فرض استوار است كه بين دو متغير تمركزگرايي و توسعه سياسي ارتباط معناداري وجود داشته و تمركزگرايي نقش كليدي در توسعه نيافتگي سياسي ايران معاصر دارد و بر بنياد نتايج پژوهش؛ توسعه نيافتگي سياسي در ايران معاصر به نظام متمركز سياسي ـ اداري مرتبط است.

Centralization administers the concentration, accumulation and monopoly of political force that accompanies with geographical centralization. Political underdevelopment has also been summarised in the loss of qualitative increment of political capacity of society and unavailability to contribution implements, multiplicity and democratic institutions. After establishment of conditional period, as generating a type of multiplicity, civil presence, contribution and operating the statehood-province hood communities, a type of uncentralized political system was established by Qajar, that the attendance and participation of proxies of strata and states in political and formal structure was a symbol of it. When the Pahlavi majesty was established, the policies based on government’s centralized political system were taken, and in order to forming a single nation and a unity government, the country was centralized. By appearance the second Pahlavi that followed the policy of first Pahlavi, the residual of political development’s symbols was completely removed. This paper has described the relation between two centralization variables similar to independent variable and political underdevelopment of society as a dependent variable, using a descriptive-analytical method and library references. The main question is: does centralization affect the political derdevelopment of contemporaneous Iran? The paper’s hypothesis states that there is a significant relationship between two variables: centralization and political development, and the centralization plays a key role in political underdevelopment of contemporaneous Iran. Given to paper’s results, political-formal centralization is directly proportional to political underdevelopment, and the political underdevelopment of contemporaneous Iran relates to politicalـformal intensive system.