مصالح اجراييه «احكام حكومتي» در قرآن كريم

The Executive Expediency of Governmental Decrees in the Qur’an

توجه به عنصر مصلحت و نقش آن در صدور احكام حكومتي توسط حكومت اسلامي، از ديرباز مورد توجه عالمان فقه سياسي، انديشه سياسي و فلسفه سياسي بوده است. در حكومت اسلامي، عنصر مصلحت در وضع و اجراي قوانين نقش قابل توجهي دارد و حاكميت اسلامي بايد آن را مورد توجه قرار دهد. اين مقاله عهده‌دار پاسخ به اين سوالات است كه آيا مصالح اجراييه در حكومت اسلامي داراي مباني قرآني است؟ به اين معنا كه آيا در قرآن به مصالح اجراييه و احكام حكومتي توجه شده است؟ و اگر قرآن كريم به مصالح اجراييه (حكومتي) پرداخته است، دلالت و سياق آيات چگونه است؟ در پاسخ به اين سوالات بايد گفت گرچه مصالح اجراييه از عناوين ثانوي در فقه سياسي، انديشه سياسي و فلسفه سياسي اسلام بوده و قرآن به صراحت اشاره‌اي به آنها نكرده است، اما با مطالعه آيات قرآن و آراي تفسيري مفسرين مي‌توان حجيت مصالح اجراييه را از سياق آيات قرآن استخراج كرد؛ زيرا قرآن در آيات متعددي، به رهبران جامعه اسلامي كه منصوب از جانب خداوند هستند، اجازه صدور احكام حكومتي بر اساس مصالح و مفاسد در جامعه اسلامي را داده است.

The executive expediency and its role in issuing government decrees by the Islamic ruling system has traditionally attracted the attention of the Muslim scholars concerned with political fiqh, political thought and political philosophy. As far as the Islamic government is concerned, the element ‘executive expediency’ plays a crucial role in legislation and law enforcement and the Islamic rule has to take notice of it. This article seeks to provide answers to the following questions: Does the executive expediency in the Islamic government have its roots in the Qur’an? In other words, does the holy Qur’an pay any attention to executive expediency and government decrees? And if the Qur’an has dealt with the governmental executive expediency, what are the Qur’anic texts and significations? In answering to the above questions, it should be noted that the executive expediency, though it has been designated as secondary in the political fiqh, political thought, and political philosophy in Islam, and the Quran has made no explicit mention of executive expediency, one can infer the authority of executive expediencies from the Qur’anic contexts. For the Qur’an in various verses has granted the leaders of Islamic society, who are appointed by God, permission to issue governmental decrees to the interests of the Islamic society.