سنجش كيفيت زندگي شهري در كلانشهر تهران

Measuring Quality of Urban Life in Tehran Metropolitan

شناخت و سنجش كيفيت زندگي در نواحي كلانشهر تهران كه معلول اقدامات مديريت شهري و ساير نهادهاي دولتي و خصوصي است، موضوع بسيار حياتي است كه با توجه به عدم سنجش كيفيت زندگي شهري در پهنه پايتخت تاكنون، مي تواند زمينه اي براي ترسيم نقشه راهي براي مديريت شهري و ساير نهادهاي مسيول در جهت آگاهي از وضعيت موجود و اقدام براي تحقق صورت وضعيت مطلوب باشد. بر اين اساس اهداف مقاله حاضر را مي توان در استخراج شاخص ها و سنجه هاي جامع كيفيت زندگي شهري و اندازه گيري و تبيين كيفيت زندگي در سراسر نواحي كلانشهر تهران دانست. در تحليل داده ها نيز بر اساس انتخاب رويكرد ذهني در سنجش كيفيت زندگي از روش هاي مختلف تحليل آماري مانند روش تحليل عاملي استفاده شده است. يافته هاي پژوهش در بخش مطالعات نظري به مستندسازي و استخراج جامع بيش از 90 شاخص كيفيت زندگي از سه حوزه نظري پژوهش هاي آكادميك، تجارب شهرهاي معتبر خارجي و پژوهش هاي سازمانهاي جهاني منجر گرديد. در مراحل بعدي گردآوري داده ها، در قالب 12000 پرسش نامه در تمامي 114 ناحيه شهر تهران و تحليل آنها با روش هاي ياد شده صورت گرفت. يافته هاي حاصل از اندازه-گيري كيفيت زندگي در شهر تهران نشان داد كه عوامل اصلي موثر بر كيفيت زندگي در كلانشهر تهران را نوزده عامل اصلي تشكيل مي دهند.

The main goal of the development plans is to create livable environment, better quality of life and residential satisfaction. Thus, the city managers desire to achieve this goal and plan a livable city for the people through the strategies, policies and intra-organizational programs, as well as making interaction with other influential administrations on the development of the city. As well as the urban development plans, the programs of the governmental and private organizations which somehow targeting the urban society, influence the quality of the people`s life. Quality of life can be conceptualized as an overall measure or as a measure based on experiences in a variety of domains, such that the greater the satisfaction with various life domains, including personal health, consuming, work, family and leisure, the greater the satisfaction with life in general. Economic, subjective and social indices can all shed light on a society’s quality of life, as well as on how specific factors influence well-being. QOL consists of two distinct global concepts with underlying domains: perceived QOL and the environmental QOL. Perceived QOL domains includes satisfaction with family life, friends, health, partner and oneself . The environmental QOL domains include satisfaction with housing, schools, health services, safety and security, roads and transport and jobs.Thus Measuring Quality of Life and analyzing the determinants of the differences in Qol between cities, neighborhoods and households is extremely important to provide inputs for policy action and to help determine priorities and actions for urban infrastructure and other interventions. Therefore, evaluating the quality of Urban life in Tehran, being affected from many factors, for instance what the city managers and governmental and public organizations done, would be very crucial and could provide a framework to make a road map for the city managers to survey the existing situation and move toward the ideal situation. The main goals of this research are as: defining the indicators and measures for surveying the quality of life and measuring the quality of life in Tehran. According to the subjective approach of the evaluation, the research method is based on the survey method which applies questionnaires to collect data. To analyze the data, various statistical methods have been applied, e.g. factor analysis and regression analysis methods. During the process of the evaluating the quality of life in Tehran, different results have been achieved. The literature review of the study results in defining the theoretical framework and conceptual model of the research, as well as documenting more than 90 quality of life indicators from the academic researches, the experiences of other cities and the research of the international organizations. In the next sections, based on localized indicators, the data from 114 quarters of Tehran has been collected through 12000 questionnaires and then analyzed by the mentioned methods. The findings of the research reveals that the quality of life in Tehran consists of 19 key factors. Specifying the areas which have to be intervened and prioritizing the interventions according to the 114 quarters of the city of Tehran are the other important findings of the research.