بهينه سازي تخصيص محدوده هاي مكاني به منظور جمع آوري پسماندهاي شهري به كمك سامانه اطلاعات جغرافيايي(GIS)

Optimizing of spatial allocation for manucipal solid waste collection utilizing GIS

- يكي از مهمترين مسايل زيست محيطي كشورهاي در حال توسعه، مديريت مواد زايد جامد شهري است؛ با مديريت منطقي مسيله علاوه بر كاهش وقت و هزينه، تاثيرات منفي زيست محيطي را نيز مي توان به حداقل رساند؛ با توجه به عوامل موثر در جمع آوري پسماند شهري و همچنين وسعت زياد اين مناطق، استفاده از روشهاي سنتي بسيار وقت گير و هزينه بر است لذا استفاده از نرم افزارهاي كامپيوتري اجتناب پذير است؛ وجود توابع تجزيه و تحليل مكاني در سيستم اطلاعات جغرافيايي (GIS) اين سيستم را از سيستم هاي اطلاعاتي ديگر متمايز مي كند؛ از جمله توابع تحليلي آناليز شبكه مي باشد؛ از كاربردهاي مهم آناليز شبكه مسيله تخصيص و يافتن كوتاهترين مسير است. هدف ما در اين تحقيق بهينه سازي مسيرهاي جمع آوري پسماند شهري با استفاده از آناليز شبكه و ديگر قابليتهاي GIS است. در اين تحقيق با انتخاب يكي از مناطق شهري تهران (ناحيه 1 منطقه 6) با توجه به موقعيت مكاني و وجود انواع كاربريها در آن وضع موجود مسيرهاي جمع آوري پسماند مورد بررسي قرار گرفته و پس از با استفاده از GIS شبكه اي شامل مخازن و شبكه راهها تشكيل شده و آناليز شبكه روي شبكه مورد نظرصورت گرفت، با تخصيص صورت گرفته روي شبكه، منطقه به چند محدوده بهينه جهت جمع آوري پسماند تقسيم شد، سپس كوتاهترين مسير در هر محدوده انتخاب شد. اين روش مي تواند براي ديگر مناطق شهري با تنظيم داده هاي اوليه مورد استفاده قرار گيرد. با اجراي اين طرح در ناحيه 1 منطقه 6 تهران شيفت روز جمع آوري پسماند حذف و كليه پسماندهاي شهري اين منطقه در يك شيفت در شب جمع آوري خواهد گرديد. اين كاهش زمان باعث كاهش هزينه، نيروي انساني، بعد مسافت و آلودگي محيط زيست مي شود.

Urbanization and population distribution in large cities bear different consequences such as garbage and urban substances and following that the ever- growing pollution threatening the environment. In such a manner that a considerable percentage of the budgets of the municipalities, especially the municipalities of large and populated cities, are spent on collecting urban waste every year. Establishing a collection management system is one of the issues which is fundamentally important in collection control. The efficiency of this system must match health, economics, and environmental engineering and must be planned in harmony with other general conditions of the society. The waste collection management system consists of production, maintenance, transportation, recycling, and disposal stages. The transportation of solid matters must be considered in the agenda after producing, maintaining, and collecting stages of the wastes. Incorrect management of these stages causes the wastes to stay outside and creates an unpleasant view in urban streets. The wastes’ being accessible by the animals on the street upsets the citizens and generally destroys the environment. Therefore accelerating the process of collecting and transporting the wastes must receive special attention with regard to the extremely damaging effects it has on the environment. Sensible management of the issue helps save time and money as well as minimizing hazardous environmental impacts. Taking into account the contributing factors in collecting and removing urban waste, in addition to the large scale of urban area, traditional methods are highly costly and time-demanding. The use of computer software is increasing with regard to the increase in the amount of the data available in the field of environmental and urban waste management. Geographic Information System (GIS) is one the best software. GIS is an information system which processes the data related on the reference location or the geographical data. The application of Geographic Information System (GIS) is currently increasing every day due to the fact that this software makes it possible to access and analyze large volumes of data based on the geographical location. What distinguishes GIS from other information systems, is its spatial analysis functionalities, including network analysis. Allocation and finding the shortest path are the major applications of network analysis. Our goal, in this research, is to optimize urban waste collection paths by means of network analysis and other capabilities of GIS. In this research, one of Tehran’s municipal regions (Region 1 Locale 6) is selected. The existing waste collection paths are studied, with regard to spatial location and different land-uses. A network is created in GIS, including roads and containers, and then, the network analysis is performed. According to the resulting allocation, the region is divided into several optimized areas for the purpose of waste collection. Then, the shortest path in each area is selected. This method can be used in other regions, if the appropriate data is properly inputted. If this plan is implemented in Tehran’s municipal region 6 district 1, the day work shift of waste collection is completely eliminated, and all urban waste will be collected and removed at night shift. In this way, performance is improved tremendously by saving time and money, reducing human resources, cutting distance and avoiding environmental damage.