وظايف وكاركرد حكّام ايالات و ولايات در دوره قاجاريه

Duties and Functions of Rulers of the States and Provinces in the Qajar Period

قلمرو حكومت قاجاريه از لحاظ سياسي به ايالات و ولايات تقسيم بندي ميشد. در راس هرم قدرت در ايالات و ولايات، شخص حاكم قرار داشت. حكّام غالباً از ميان شاهزادگان و هر از گاهي از متنفذين محلي و يا شخصيت هاي نظامي يا ديواني تعيين ميشدند. در نتيجه در برخي موارد با توجه به جايگاهشان تفاوت هايي در ميزان اختيارات ايشان به چشم ميخورد. با اين حال غالباً حكّام داراي كاركردها و وظايف يكساني بودند. در اين مقاله با اتّكا به منابع اين دوره به بررسي چگونگي وظايف و كاركردهاي حكّام و ميزان اهميّت اين وظايف از ديدگاه حكومت مركزي پرداخته ميشود. دستاوردهاي تحقيق نشان ميدهد كه كاركردهاي حكّام در سه حوزه: سياسي ـ اداري، مالي ـ اقتصادي و نظامي قابل تفكيك است. در اين ميان تامين امنيت و سركوب شورش ها با هدف حفظ اقتدار حكومت مركزي، اخذ ماليات و تامين نيروي نظامي از مهمترين وظايف حكّام محسوب ميشد .اين سه وظيفه به عنوان عامل بقاي حكّام نقش مهمي را در اين دوره ايفا ميكرد.

According to political aspects of the period, the territories of the Qajar dynasty were divided into several states and provinces. The ruler was at the top of the pyramid of power of states and provinces. Rulers often were determined from princes, influential persons or military and tribunal personnel. In some cases, due to differences of political positions of each appointment, a series of authoritative disagreement and discontent emerged. Nevertheless, rulers were appointed with similar functions and duties. In this article, we examine the functions and duties of rulers and the extent of importance of these duties in reference to the central government of the period. The results of this research show that we can discriminate the functions of rulers in three categories. These categories are: political, administrative and economical. The most important duties of rulers were preservation of security and repression of revolutions with the aim of keeping the authoritative legitimacy of the central government. Furthermore, Tax collections and utilization of militaristic reinforcements were some of the procedures with which rulers maintained repressive order in the period. Generally, political, administrative and financial duties, which have been exemplified earlier, were considered to be the agents that made the survival of the central government possible.