سنت‌گرايان و نظم جديد روسي در مناطق اشغالي فرارود (1917 ـ 1864)

Traditionalists and the New Russian Order in Occupied Lands of Transoxiana

سلطه نظامي روس‌ها بر فرارود، نخستين بار در قرن نوزدهم، نام تركستان روس را به جغرافياي سياسي وارد كرد. آن چه از اين قلمرو متعلق به فرارود است، خان نشين خوقند و بخش‌هايي از امارت بخارا و خيوه را دربر مي‌گيرد. در اين نوشتار با عنوان «سنت‌گرايان و نظم جديد روسي در مناطق اشغالي فرارود»، در پي پاسخ به اين پرسش هستيم كه «علماي قديمي و سنتي ساكن در مناطق اشغالي، چه واكنشي به الغاي حكومت اسلامي و فرايند استقرار و اجراي نظم جديد روسي داشتند؟» پاسخ اوليه ما اين است كه اين گروه در جستجوي راهي براي حفظ هويت مسلماني، به-رغم ستيز آرام اوليه، در نهايت به همگرايي با روس‌ها رسيدند. نتيجه پژوهش با كمي جرح و تعديل اين گونه قابل طرح است كه علماي سنتي مناطق اشغالي، گرچه در ابتدا واگرايي به دور از ستيز در پيش گرفتند و از ابزارهاي فرهنگي براي حفظ هويت مسلماني خود بهره بردند، در نهايت به دليل پذيرش ضعف خود و سودمند ديدن تعامل به همگرايي با روس‌ها رسيدند.

The military domination of Russia on Transoxiana imported, for the first time, the title of Russian Turkestan in political geography in 19 century. What belongs to this territory includes the khanate of Khoqand and some regions of Bukhara, and Khiva. The main difference between Turkestan and two other khanates was their relationship with Russia. While Turkestan was incorporated to Russia the two others were considered as protectorates and lost some parts of their lands. Answering this question “How was the reaction of traditional scholars living in occupied territories toward the abolition of the Islamic government and the process of new Russian order establishment and implementation?” is what we are looking to access in present essay. Our initial response is that despite their early peaceful conflicts and their struggles to find a way to preserve their Muslim identity, they achieved the convergence by Russians eventually. With a little modification the research results show that although the traditional scholars living in the occupied territories initially got the policy of non-conflicting divergence, using some cultural methods to maintain their Muslim identity, but they finally decided to come to a convergence to Russia due to their weakness and the interests of their interaction.