«بررسي آداب صحبت وخلوت در تصوّف»

Study of the Companionship Customs and Solitude in Sufism

آداب ورسوم صوفيه نشانگر مباني فكري واعتقادي آنان است.صحبت وخلوت به عنوان آداب تصوّف اسلامي،نقشي موثر در زندگي فردي واجتماعي اهل تصوّف اسلامي وسير وسلوك آنان در جهت نيل به حقيقت داشته اند. به طوري كه صحبت، مجالي براي بروز دادن و صفات برجسته صوفيان همچون ايثار و از خودگذشتگي فراهم مي كرده است وتبتّل و خلوت ، ضمن پالايش صفات مذموم از آن ها روح وضميرشان را براي تجلي انوار الهي مستعد مي ساخته است.برخي از صوفيان كسب رضاي خداوندي رابه واسطه ي صحبت با خلق وتسامح با آنان طلب مي كردند وبرخي با التزام به خلوت وانصراف از ماسوي الله و تزكيه ي باطن، درپي وصول بي واسطه به حق بوده اند. در اين مقاله به بيان ماهيّت صحبت وخلوت، نزد اهل طريقت، وبررسي دلايل رويكرد متمايزآنان نسبت به مصاحبت با خلق يا اختيار عزلت، در سه گروه مختلفپرداخته مي شود و تشابه وپيوند باطني صحبت وخلوت صوفيانه در جهت وصول بههدفي مشترك،علي رغم وجود تفاوت ظاهريشان ،مورد واكاوي قرار مي گيرد.

Customs and traditions of Sofia indicate their mental and doctrinal principles. Their companionship and solitude as the Islamic Sufi rituals, has an effective role in individual and social life of Islamic Sufis and their Seir and Suluk in order to accomplish the truth. So that the companionship, has provided an opportunity for displaying the outstanding characteristics of the Sufis like dedication and devotion, and solitude in addition to refining the condemned from them, have disposed their mind and spirit. Some Sufis were demanding God’s satisfaction through talking to people and leniency and some of them with commitment to solitude and withdrawing from other than Allah were searching to achieve to Allah without any intermediaries. In this paper the nature of companionship and solitude, besides Sufi, and studying the reasons of their distinctive approach toward companionship with the people or taking the hermitage in three different groups have been discussed; and the similarity and intrinsic links of Sufi’s companionship and solitude to reaching a common goal, despite their apparent differences have analyzed. Keywords: Sufism, Speaking Customs, Solitude Customs, Achieving to Allah.