اصول علمي و اخلاقي مناظره هاي رضوي

The Scientific and Ethical Principles of Imam Rezaʹʹs (P.B.U.H.) Debates

مناظره به‌عنوان سنّتي با جايگاه ويژه در فرهنگ اسلام، نيازمند اصول و مبادي خاصي بوده كه لازمه موفقيت در آن، فراگيري و رعايت اين اصول و موازين است. در يك نگاه، اين اصول به دو دسته علمي و اخلاقي تقسيم مي‌شوند: اصول علمي، مهارت ها و علومي است كه مناظره كننده بايد پيش از ورود به عرصه مناظره، به آنها مجهز باشد. امّا صِرف مجهز بودن به علوم لازم و رعايت نكات فني در ارتباط با هر گفتگو كافي نيست، بلكه رعايت اصول اخلاقي نيز براي اثرگذاري در طرف مقابل و احياناً شنوندگان لازم است. در اين راستا و با هدف ارايه الگويي كاربردي، سه اصل علمي استفاده از جدال احسن، بهره گيري از استدلال عقلي و پرهيز از مغالطه و سه اصل اخلاقي رعايت ادب، پرهيز از نقد شخصيت افراد و پرهيز از ستيزه جويي و تعصب، به‌عنوان مهم‌ترين اصولي كه امام هشتم(ع) ملتزم به رعايت آنها بودند، تبيين شده است.

As a tradition with a special status in the Islamic culture, debate entails certain principles and basics which must be learnt and observed for being successful in this issue. These principles can be divided into two scientific and ethical classes: scientific principles refer to those skills and sciences with which a debater needs to be provided before starting a debate; as these skills and sciences may help him/her to embark on an effective and successful debate. However, being provided with merely the necessary knowledge and meeting the technical requirements are not enough to be successful in a debate; and the ethics also need to be respected by the debater for being able to affect the opposing party or presumably the audience. This study has tried to elicit and analyze the most practical scientific and ethical principles used by Imam Ridha (AS) in his debates while acknowledging the necessity of observing the scientific and ethical principles in a debate and in response to the question that is there any suitable model to pursue in this regard?. In this regard and with the aim of proposing a practical model, the most important principles that the eighth Shiite Imam (AS) used to observe comprising of three scientific principles, including using the best form of disputation, taking advantage of rational demonstration and avoiding fallacy, as well as three ethical principles, including treating people politely, avoiding criticizing people’s personality and avoiding militancy and prejudice, are explained here.