بررسي ويژگي‌هاي مديريت آبخيز

Study of leadership purities role in watershed management

رهبري يكي از چهارگام اساسي فرآيند مديريت به شمار مي رود كه مستلزم راهنمايي، اعمال نفوذ و ايجاد انگيزه در اعضاي گروه، سازمان يا هر نهاد اجتماعي مي باشد. بررسي ويژگي هاي رهبري در مديريت آبخيز، كه يك نهاد اجتماعي غير دولتي است، اهميت بالاتري دارد. در اين تحقيق نظريه هاي گوناگون رهبري هم راه با تعريف جامعي از وظايف رهبري مطالعه و سبك يا شيوه هاي مختلف رهبري با طراحي دقيق و علمي از شبكه رهبري، تجزيه و تحليل شد؛ همچنين سيزده ويژگي مورد نياز اعمال مديريت براي رهبري حوزه آبخيز، استخراج و تعيين شد. ضمناً مشخص گرديد كه دانشمندان، مهارت مذاكره و ميانجي گري را از مهم ترين عامل مورد نياز مديريت سازمان هاي غير دولتي و اجتماعي مي دانند؛ چرا كه نتايج تحقيقات گوناگون نشان داده كه تحليل هاي اقتصادي، از امور انتزاعي مديريت چنين نظام هاي اجتماعي غير دولتي محسوب مي شود. اهميت برقراري ارتباط با اقليت ها و ديگر گروه هاي فرهنگي، توانايي در حل مناقشه و ارزيابي اوضاع سياسي و شناخت نيازهاي اجتماعي، از مهم ترين عوامل مديريت چنين نهادهايي معرفي شده اند. همچنين با انطباق نظريه ها و سبك هاي مختلف رهبري در شرايط مختلف حوزه هاي آبخيز و آبخيزنشينان، بهترين گزينه هاي رهبري در حالات مختلف معرفي گرديد. سرانجام با توجه به عقب ماندگي بهره گيري مديريت علمي در اداره حوزه هاي آبخيز پيشنهاد شد مديراني با مهارت هاي علمي در سطوح تحصيلات تكميلي براي مديريت حوزه هاي آبخيز تربيت شوند.

Leadership is one of four basic steps in the management process. It involves leading, influencing and motivating group or organization members and or any social structure. Investigation of leadership characteristics in watershed management which is a non-governmental social structure is of important consideration. In this research, various theories of leadership along with integrated definition of its obligations were brought under consideration. Furthermore, various methods and styles of leadership were analyzed by exact designing about its network. Thirteen required attitudes for practicing of management were extracted and determined during this research. Nowadays, scientists believe that consultation and intermediation skills are the most important factors in non-government and social organizations since in the various research is known that economic analysis are among the isolated matters for these non-governmental social systems. Importance of getting in contact with minorities and other cultural groups, ability in resolving of wrangling and evaluation of politic conditions, and also distinguishing of social requirements have been recommended as the most important factors for management of such an organizations. In consequence of different adjusting theories and styles of leadership in various conditions of watersheds and their residents, the best of leadership options were introduced in different cases. Finally, considering the exploiting of scientific management in watershed administration, suggestion for training managers with scientific skills in post graduate studies are made for watershed management.