سيره سياسي امام رضا(ع) در برخورد با حكومت جور (مطالعه موردي ولايتعهدي)

Imam Rezaʹʹs Political Menology in Dealing with the Rule of Tyranny (a Case Study of Subrogation

ولايتعهدي امام رضا(ع) از نقاط حساس تاريخ شيعه به‌حساب مي‌آيد. اين حساسيت از چند منظر درخور تامل است: از يك‌سو تحولات اجتماعي ‌ـ سياسي عصر عباسيان (مخصوصاً خلافت مامون)؛ از سوي ديگر، قبول ولايتعهدي امام رضا(ع). بررسي سيره سياسي امام رضا(ع) بر اين مبنا صورت مي‌گيرد كه سيره سياسي ايمه واقعيت‌هايي صرفاً تاريخي نيست، بلكه حاوي پندها و اصول ارزشمندي براي پيروان ايشان است. پرسش و محور اصلي اين مقاله چگونگي تعاملِ امام رضا(ع) با حكومت جور (به‌خصوص در جريان ولايتعهدي) است. در ابتدا براي ورود به بحث و ترسيم شرايط اجتماعي ـ سياسي، برخي مسايل تاريخي مطرح‌شده در دو مقطع «پيش از ولايتعهدي» و «پس از ولايتعهدي» بررسي مي‌شود. در مقطع «پس از ولايتعهدي» درباره برخي احتما‌ل‌ها و شبهه‌هاي مربوط به ولايتعهدي امام رضا(ع) بحث و در ادامه، به مواضع سياسي ايشان پرداخته مي‌شود. بايد توجه داشته باشيم مبارزه و مخالفت با حكام جور بر اساس اصول ثابت تعاليم شيعه و نيز با توجه به مقتضيات زماني و مكاني ، مي‌تواند شكل‌هاي گوناگوني داشته باشد و اين درست همان چيزي است كه در سيره اهل‌بيت تجلي يافته است. مسيله‌اي كه بر مبناي اين تعاليم براي ما روشن شده اين است كه با وجود شكل‌هاي گوناگون مبارزه با حكومت و حكام جور، هيچگاه توقف مبارزه و مخالفت سفارش نشده و حتي در سخت‌ترين شرايط، سازش با ظالمان مجاز نيست، اما توجه به شكل مبارزه و مصالح عاليه بايد مدنظر قرار گيرد.

Position of Imam Reza (PBUH) is regarded as the sensitive point of Shiite history. This sensitivity is considered from some perspectives: political and social changes of Abbasside era (and particularly caliphate of Mamoon) on the one hand and acceptance of position of Imam Reza (PBUH) on the other hand. Study of political tradition of Imam Reza (PBUH) is conducted based on the fact that political tradition of innocent imams is not only historical reality but also contains valuable advices and principles for their followers. Main focus of this paper is interaction of Imam Reza (PBUH) with despotism (particularly during position of Imam Reza). Some historical issues were raised as introduction of discussion and for showing social and political condition and two periods before his position and after his position have been studied. Classification of changes into periods before position and after position of Imam Reza (PBUH) has clarified results of movement and conduct of Imam (PBUH). In period after his position, some probabilities and doubts of Imam Reza (PBUH) are discussed and political positions of Imam are mentioned. Conclusion Section mentions some results of this paper by mentioning some instances of Hazrat’s tradition and emphasizes that we should note that fighting against and opposing to the oppressive rulers based on fixed principles of Shiite teachings (absolute negation of ungodly government ) and considering time and space circumstances (cooperation with foe of God by observing some considerations ) can take different forms and this is exactly the thing which has been manifested in tradition of the household of the prophet of Islam. What has been clarified based on these teachings is that discontinuation of struggle and opposition has not been ordered and it is not permissible to compromise with the oppressors even under the hardest conditions despite different forms of opposition to oppressive rulers but form of struggle and expedient things should be considered.