پديد آورندگان :
غلامي، مصيب نويسنده دانشجوي دكتري ترويج و آموزش كشاورزي، , , علي بيگي، اميرحسين نويسنده دانشيار گروه ترويج و آموزش كشاورزي، ,
كليدواژه :
خشكسالي , روش هاي بومي , مديريت خشكسالي , پديدارشناسي
چكيده فارسي :
جوامع روستايي به دليل ارتباط تنگاتنگ شان با محيط طبيعي و محدوديت فرصت هاي شان از ديرباز در معرض
نيروهاي مخرب طبيعي به ويژه خشكسالي قرار داشتند و كشاورزان هر منطقه ب هتجربه اقداماتي را براي سازگاري و
مقابله با آن انجام م يدهند. هدف كلي پژوهش كيفي حاضر كه ب هروش پديدارشناسي انجام شد، بررسي و
شناسايي روش هايي است كه كشاورزان در برخورد با خشكسالي از خود نشان مي دهند. جامعه مطالع هشده در اين
پژوهش را روستاييان شهرستان سرپل ذهاب، كه بيشترين خشكسال يها را در سال هاي اخير داشتند، تشكيل
دادند. افراد مطلع از طريق روش گلوله برفي شناسايي شدند. داده هاي تحقيق با روش مصاحبه عميق و مشاهده
مستقيم جمع آوري و براساس الگوي كلايزي تجزيه و تحليل شد. نتايج نشان دادند كه كشاورزان روش هاي
متفاوتي را در مقابله با خشكسالي به كار مي گيرند. برخي از شركت كنندگان در تحقيق حاضر روش هايي نظير تغيير
الگوي كشت، ذخيره علوفه، تغيير زمان كاشت و برداشت، تنوع معيشت، ترميم جو ي هاي آب و اصلاح شيوه هاي
آبياري را ب همنظور سازگاري ب هكار مي گيرند و از روش هايي مانند چراي مزارع خش كشده، خريد آب، كاهش تعداد
دام، قطع درختان و نذر و نياز كردن به منظور مقابله با خشكسالي استفاده مي كنند.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction: Experiences of primarily years the development efforts based on economic, and without significant to social, cultural, and environmental impacts, it is not pleasant. The developments efforts simply aren’t achieve to their goals and to achieve these goals requires providing certain social situations. Any development effort is probably associated negative impacts with development that ignoring to the negative impacts will not have a good outcome to the development processes and doesn’t cause successful implementation them due to a range of problems. The development activities in addition to pleasant results are associated to; the problems such as erosion social capital, environmental degradation, creating a conflict between the government and the people, Social damages, violations of peopleʹs rights, and social discrimination and problems associated with each of these categories are the same anti-development. Industry in the indigenous communities to make changes in the structure of ecological in the region, economic and social relations, ways of living and lifestyle of the people that these changes are usually associated with the industrial development of region. But during the course of industrial development should not be passed along to the changes in local communities with indifference and be ignored to community and the indigenous people of neighboring the development projects, because the development of industrial and social development are interrelated with each other. However, superficial judgments about individuals and groups interested in the project and the lack of proper interaction with they and based on the expectations and values of them cause to the many obstacles and problems in the implementation of projects and to ignore social constraints, values and attitudes of the local population, underestimate the influential groups and reference and are caused the numerous difficulties and losses are on the way national and regional projects. Studies have shown that due to locating projects is based on the political and economic justification, in some situations it may be project objectives, with some socio – economic situations local community has contrasted that is leading to unexpected behaviors of the parties (and community projects). thus in order to achieve and organizational of the social development, social assessment before and after performances and during the project (process) can associated to the economic and environmental assessments are conducted primarily for dam projects, ultimately caused to increase social development, participation and to align the local population with development plans and to achieve more goals projects. Rural regions directly are facing with developments projects and theses projects have specified effects on social and economic life of villagers. Today attempts to assessing theses developmental effects of project on the under developing regions. Soleimanshah dam is one of these projects that established in Sonqure County. The main purpose of this research was assessment of social impacts of Sonqure’s Soleimanshah dam on regions that are under influence of irrigation and drainage network of dam.
Methodology: The nature of this study required to a quantitative-qualitative research methodology and information gathered with questionnaire, interview, direct observation and transaction with consideration of prior researchers made protocol. Under studied population in part of qualitative research was rural managers who are under influence of irrigation and drainage network of dam (N=48) that totally interviewed in this research. The Statistics Society of research were consist of householders villagers downstream villages of dam (1273) that 300 of them was selected in base Morgan table by using stratified sampling method with Proportional allocation. For data analysis has been used from Moris model in part quantitative and from content analysis and mind mapping techniques in part of qualitative.
Results: Results revealed that positive and negative social effects of Soleimanshah dam totally summarized in 10 topics: 1. Addition of hope to life, 2. Improvement of security in study region 3.Development of rural tourism, 4. Help to remain people in rural areas, 5. Improvement in rural employment, 6. Decrease of poverty 7. Improve of social unity, 8.Improving social capital, 9.Non equilibrium rural development and 10.Violation of fundamental right of people in study region. The results Moris model showed that villages Jobkabodeolya and GHorveh in enjoying from the social indicators obtained respectively rank first and last. The results this ranking can help the planners of rural development in order to the optimal allocation and balance of resources in? between these villages and also compared with other villages.
Conclusion: According to researches and studies that were done, Slymanshah dam is have on their coverage area the many of social effects and this effects for rural communities due to geographical, social, economic, cultural conditions totally dependent to geographical environment, is very important. As in the qualitative analysis with using to the method Content analysis and mind map was reported social impacts of the dam were in both aspect positive and negative and there are in the part of the negative effects the many threats to people that in the table of Content analysis was evaluated separately. The results Moris model showed that villages Jobkabodeolya and GHorveh in enjoying from the social indicators obtained respectively rank first and last. The results this ranking can help the planners of rural development in order to the optimal allocation and balance of resources in? between these villages and also compared with other villages.
