رابطه فلسفه و دين

The Relation between Philosophy and Religion

رابطه دين و عقل همواره در تاريخ تفكر بشري بحث انگيز بوده است. ازآنجاكه آشكارترين ظهور عقل در فلسفه است، بحث دين و عقل به بحث دين و فلسفه نيز كشيده شده است. در اين نوشتار پس از تعريف فلسفه و دين، ديدگاه برخي از انديشمندان اسلامي و غربي را در اين باره بررسي مي كنيم. برخي از كساني كه ميان دين و فلسفه هماهنگي نمي بينند، معتقدند كه دين بر عقل مقدم است و تمسك به عقل در فهم دين مجاز نيست؛ برخي نيز عقل را مقدم بر دين مي دانند. بيشتر انديشمندان اسلامي تعارضي ميان عقل و دين و در نتيجه ناسازگاري ذاتي ميان دين و فلسفه نمي بينند و معتقدند كه حكم صريح و قطعي عقل با حكم قطعي شرع هرگز تعارضي نخواهد داشت و در صورت مشاهده تعارض حكم قطعي عقل با حكم ظني شرع، بايد حكم ظني شرع را تاويل كرد.

The relation between religion and reason has always been controversial in the history of human thinking. Since the most apparent advent of reason is in philosophy, the discussion of religion and reason has led to the discussion of religion and philosophy. In this study, defining philosophy and religion, we examine some Muslim thinkers’ and Western thinkers’ views on them. Some thinkers who do not see any harmony between religion and philosophy believe that religion has precedence over reason, and resorting to reason to understand religion is not acceptable. Some also consider reason prior to religion. Most Muslim thinkers, however, do not see any conflict between reason and religion, and reject any inherent incompatibility between religion and philosophy. They believe that there is no conflict between a clear-cut and conclusive judgment of reason and a conclusive judgment of religion, and if there was a conflict between a conclusive judgment of reason and a speculative understanding of religion, the speculative understanding of religion should be reinterpreted.