تامّلي در اصول اخلاقي حكومت علوي

A thoughtful consideration of the moral principles of Imam Ali’s government

انسان دوستي و مفاهيم مرتبط با آن، از جمله مباحثي است كه در طول تاريخ بشر، مورد توجه بوده و از اهمّيت ويژه‌اي در روابط انساني برخوردار است. مفهوم انسان دوستي و مسايل مرتبط با آن، بار‌ها از سوي صاحب‌نظران و انديشمندان مورد نقد و بررسي قرار گرفته است. البته اين مفهوم، از گستره معنايي وسيعي برخوردار است و بحث و بررسي تمامي مسايل مربوط به آن، از عهده يك مقاله يا كتاب، خارج است و به كنكاش و تتبع زياد و زمان كافي نياز دارد. اما از جمله مباحثي كه مستقيماً به مفهوم انسان دوستي مربوط است و در حقيقت زيرمجموعه آن قرار مي‌گيرد، مسيله نحوه تعامل حكومت با مردم و حفظ كرامت و جايگاه انساني شهروندان جامعه توسّط دولتمردان مي‌باشد. مقاله حاضر به بررسي اين امر مهم در سيره علوي و با تاكيد بر نامه حضرت به مالك اشتر، پرداخته و تلاش مي‌كند برخي اصول انسان دوستي را كه دولتمردان، ملزم به رعايت آن در قبال مردم هستند، از ديدگاه امام علي(ع) مورد بررسي قرار دهد. مفاهيمي چون رعايت عدالت در برخورد با مردم، مشورت با مردم در امور جامعه، نقدپذيري دولتمردان، مخالفت با حاكميّت روابط، پاسخگو بودن مسيولان به مردم، ايجاد امنيّت در جامعه و... از جمله اصول انسان دوستي است كه حضرت در كلام گهربار خود به آن اشاره فرموده و در اين مقاله به بررسي آن خواهيم پرداخت.

Humanitarian concerns and its related issues have always fascinated the attention of many great people throughout man’s history and they possess a unique place in human relations. The concept of humanitarianism has been probed and discussed by many experts and scholars and a great deal of ideas and notions have been expressed on it. This concept possesses a very great and vast scope and it is impossible to be explored and explained in an article such as this. Probably, careful consideration and thorough explanation of a concept like humanitarianism demands a great deal of time and effort and needs meticulous research and investigation. However, one of the issues which is closely related to humanitarianism is the manner of the interactions of the governments and the ruling regimes with their subjects, The observance of people’s rights and their self-esteems by the governments may be among the greatest issues for those who have humanitarian concerns. The present article deals with this great and important matter, that is humanitarianism, in Imam Ali’s government and shows how Imam Ali (Peace be upon Him) paid attention to this important issue and attempted to observe human rights. The present article considers the famous letter of Imam Ali (Peace be upon Him) to Malik-e A?tar in which Imam (peace be Upon Him) explicitly displays his concerns for human rights and gives advice for interacting with people. Imam cites some principles of human rights which the rulers should observe and this article deals with them. Some of these issues are: concepts such as being just with people, counseling people in the affairs of the society accepting the consequences of your behavior, and providing welfare and security for people. The aforementioned points were very important to Imam Ali (peace be Upon Him) and he emphasized them in his magnificent letter to Malek-e A?tar which is treated in this article.