تفسير قرآن به سنّت در كلام اميرالمومنين علي(ع)

Interpreting the Quran on the basis of the Sunnat or the traditions by Imam Ali

تفسير قرآن به سنّت در مرحله بعد از تفسير قرآن به قرآن و در طول آن است و معيّت آن دو با هم، لازم و ملزوم است. يعني حجّيّت قرآن به جهت اينكه كلام خداست، ذاتي است ولي حجّيّت سنّت را خداوند در قرآن تجويز فرموده است. بدان جهت كه نمي‌توان همه آيات قرآن را با خود قرآن تفسير كرد كه لازمه‌اش كفايت قرآن و عدم نياز به سنّت و اهل بيت(ع) است، چاره‌اي جز رجوع به سنّت معصومين براي تفسير قرآن نيست كه آن، يكي از بهترين و ضروري‌ترين راه‌هاي شناخت قرآن و يكي از منابع تفسير قرآن است. ولي از آنجا كه بحث ما، بررسي روايت تفسيري علي (ع) است، لذا مقصود ما در اين مقاله، احاديث تفسيري است كه علي(ع) از پيامبر(ص) نقل مي‌كند و آن اقسامي دارد كه عبارتند از: الف ـ تفسير قرآن با تكيه بر فضيلت آيات. ب ـ بيان مقصود و معاني كلمات و اصطلاحات. ج ـ بيان مصداق (مصداق انحصاري، مصداق اكمل، يكي از مصاديق). د ـ تفصيل مطالب و تبيين داستان‌هاي قرآني. هـ ـ بيان تاويل آيه. و ـ بيان شان نزول آيه. ز ـ بيان امور تاريخي و پيشگويي آينده. ح ـ تطبيق ط ـ تمثيل و ... .

Interpreting the Quran on the basis of tradition or Sunnah comes next to interpreting it on the basis of the Quran itself. It is believed that a true and perfect exegesis of the Quran can only be possible when both the traditions and the verses of the Quran are employed for better interpretation of each verse. The Quran’s legitimacy and its truthfulness are certain because it is the word of Allah. However, the legitimacy and truthfulness of the traditions or Sunnat are certified in the Quran. Since, it is impossible to understand the exegetic interpretations of the Quran solely on the basis of the Quran itself, it becomes necessary to refer to the household of the prophet and the Sunnat or traditions of both the prophet and the Imams to interpret the Quran. The household of the prophet Mohammad (peace be upon Them) and the prophet himself form the basic source for the interpretation of the Quran. However, in this study. the writer attempts to investigate the hidiths or the traditions stated by Imam Ali (Peace be upon Him) that have been told to Imam Ali (Peace be upon Him) by the prophet (Peace be upon Him). These hadiths are very helpful in the interpretation of the Quran and they can be divided into the following categories: 1. Interpreting the Quran on the basis of meanings of the verses. 2. Explaining the meanings of the words and expressions and expressing the purposes behind them. 3. Expressing the significations of the verses (including the exclusive significations, their perfect ones, and each one of them). 4. Thorough explanations and expressing the Quranic stories. 5. Expressing the essence of the verses. 6. Expressing the occasion of the revelation of the verse. 7. Expressing historical matters and predicting the future. 8. Adaptation and comparison. 9. Analogy and parables.