بررسي جرم بغي در فقه اماميه و حقوق ايران

Study of Baghy in Imami Jurisprudence and Iranian Law

قانونگذار ايران در قانون مجازات اسلامي 1392، قيام مسلحانه عليه حكومت و اساس نظام جمهوري اسلامي ايران را در رديف جرايم حدي و تحت عنوان «بغي» جرم‌انگاري نموده و طي مواد 287 و 288 براي آن مجازات اعدام و تحت شرايطي حبس تعزيري پيش‌بيني كرده است. اين اقدام قانونگذار در حدي تلقي‌كردن اين جرم از يك سو و پيش‌بيني مجازات اعدام براي آن از سويي ديگر، ماهيت و احكام اين جرم را با چالش جدي مواجه ساخته است. مقاله حاضر با هدف تبيين ماهيت اين جرم از نظر حدّي يا تعزيري‌بودن، عمومي يا سياسي‌بودن، مطلق يا مقيدبودن، سازمان‌يافته‌بودن يا نبودن و همچنين ميزان انطباق يا عدم ‌انطباق احكام آن با معيارها و موازين فقهي به مطالعه تطبيقي آن در فقه اماميه و حقوق ايران پرداخته است.

In the Islamic Punishment Code (approved 1392/2013), the Iranian Legislator has considered armed rebellion against government and foundations of the system of Islamic Republic of Iran as being among offences for which the criminal should be religiously punished. The legislator has labelled it ‘baghy’ and for which, he has considered, in the Articles 287 and 288, execution punishment and in some cases imprisonment. Since the legislator has considered it as an offence for which the criminal should be penanced on the one hand and because of considering execution punishment for it on the other, the nature of and rules concerning this offence have faced serious challenges. To explain the nature of this offence and find whether for which a strict penance should be announced or the judge is free to specify minimum or maximum punishment for it, whether it is a public offence or a political one, whether it is absolute or constrained, organized or unorganized, whether its rules correspond to the juridical standards or not, the present writing goes to discuss it comparatively from the viewpoint of Imami jurisprudence and Iranian Law.