كليدواژه :
Mural , Shah Tahmasp’sShahnama , Significations , signified , Signifier , دال , دلالت , شاهنامه ي شاه تهماسب , مدلول , نقاشي ديواري
چكيده فارسي :
نقاشي ديواري از عناصر تصويري به كار رفته در نگارگري است كه ذهن مخاطب در مورد نوع ارتباط آن با موضوع نگاره به چالش كشيده مي شود. هدف اين پژوهش، بررسي رابطه ي اين عنصر تصويري با ديگر عناصر و دستيابي به كاركرد آن در تعامل با موضوع نگاره بر اساس الگوي سوسوري بوده است.20 نمونه از نگاره هاي شاهنامه ي تهماسبي با نقوش مختلف براي بررسي اين رابطه انتخاب شده است. به منظور جمع آوري مطالب، مطالعه ي هم زمان تصاوير و اشعار داستان در مقاطع مختلف آن صورت گرفته است. يافته هاي پژوهش به شيوه كيفي بررسي شده، سپس با روش تحليلي و تطبيق دال و مدلول و بررسي روابط آنها در سطوح مختلف، به ارايه ي ارجاعات و دلالت هاي مفهومي در نقاشي ديواري ها پرداخته است. در 14 نگاره، نقاشي هاي ديواري به طور مستقيم و غيرمستقيم به ابياتي از اشعار داستان ارجاع دارد. براساس تحليل صورت پذيرفته، نقش ها علاوه بر كاركرد تصويري در جهت ايجاد ساختار تركيبي مناسب و زيبا، به بيان موضوعي داستان كمك كرده اند. نقاشي هاي ديواري ، گاه نشانه هايي دال بر اتفاقي در آينده هستند، و گاه به فضا سازي شرايط موجود كمك مي كنند. همچنين تاكيد بر موضع گيري نگارگر مبتني بر درست و نادرست بودن اتفاق دارد. اين ويژگي ها سبب روايت تصويري كامل تري از داستان شده است.
چكيده لاتين :
Illustrated Shahnama of Shah Tahmasp, manuscript of1538AD and one ofsafvidperiodeMasterpiece in Persian painting,composed of 258 paintings. Illustrators for stories painting, sometimes have chosen several time and place of a story to illustrate and have created a namber of works. Fereydoun, Zahak, Siavash, Zal, Anoushiravan and Kaykhosro stories are like this. Some of these paintings have images of architecture. Some of the designs depicted on the walls of buildings, which is defined in this study as mural. Mural is a visual element in paintings that the readerʹs mind about its relationship with the subject of image is challenged. Mural is a part of the architecture in which, painter is making a colorful or one-color monochrome. These motifs include the role of Angel, Angelica and arabesques, plants, animals and strange creatures, which smooth design and free spin of brush is their features. This type of design are divided into three categories: A- nature, B- strange creatures, C- Illumination. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship with other elements of the visual elements and achieve its function in cooperation with the image based on Saussureʹs model. According to Saussureʹs model, it implies that the relationship between signifier and signified is the result of an evaluation criteria in relation to visual elements and subject in the paintings. The research question is whether the motifs used in the murals are in relation to a reference? And if there is a relationship, what places they have in narrate stories? The use of depictions of humans, angel and animals and plants in mural has created this capability that in addition to decorative effect on the composition and function, include implication and reference, and the possibility to express meaning through metaphor References. The 20 samples from the Shahnama of Tahmasppaintings with the plants and animals and strange creatures were selected for this study. To gather information, images and poetry reading at the same time in different sections has been performed. The findings of the qualitative study method has been studied, then the analysis and implementation of the signifier with the signified and their relationships at various levels has provided references and implications of the concept of painting in murals. The 20 paintings that have been analysed, in the context of 5 poem paintings and murals has not been found. Among 15 other paintings, in 1 painting, relationship between subjects of paintings with mural can be seen, but there is no indication of a poem. 14 paintings include indication of poem and homolographic relationship between mural and subject of image. Based on the analysis carried out, paintings in addition to visual function to create the perfect and beautiful combination, have contributed to the subject of story. Sometimes, murals show happens in the future, and sometimes help to create space and current condition. Meanwhile, the position of painter based on true or false is critical. This feature makes more complete picture narration of the story.
