بررسي آهنگ دوز گاماي محيطي و برآورد خطر مازاد ابتلا به سرطان ناشي از دريافت پرتو گاما در ساكنان شهر سبزوار در سال 1393

Assessment of background gamma radiation and determination of excess lifetime cancer risk in Sabzevar City, Iran in 2014

زمینه و هدف: بشر همواره تحت تابش پرتوهای یونیزان و اثرات زیانبار ناشی از آن قرار دارد، بنابراین اندازه‌گیری تابش زمینه‌ای طبیعی از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است. روش بررسی: مطالعه حاضر یك مطالعه توصیفی- مقطعی است. در این مطالعه میزان پرتو گاما در 26 ایستگاه در فضای باز و بسته و در چهار ماه از مهر تا دی ماه سال 1393 در شهر سبزوار اندازه‌گیری شد. یافته‌ها: تفاوت آماری معناداری بین پرتوگیری داخل و خارج ساختمان‌ها وجود دارد (05/0P<). اما بین زمان و مكان‌های نمونه برداری تفاوت معناداری مشاهده نگردید (05/0P>). دوز معادل موثر سالانه برای ساكنین سبزوار 85/0 میلی سیورت (millisievert, mSv) و میزان خطر ابتلا به سرطان 3-10 × 39/3 برآورد گردید. نتیجه‌گیری: دوز معادل موثر سالانه و میزان خطر ابتلا به سرطان ناشی از دریافت پرتو گاما در طول عمر زندگی ساكنین شهر سبزوار از میزان متوسط جهانی بیشتر است.

Background: Background gamma radiation levels vary in different locations and depended on many factors such as radiation properties of soil, building materials as well as construction types which human lives on it. People are always exposed to ionizing radiation, which could badly influence their health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the background gamma-ray dose rate and the estimated annual effective dose equivalent and determination of excess lifetime cancer risk in Sabzevar City, Iran. Methods: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the dose rate of background gamma radiation in outdoor an indoor areas, 26 stations were selected using the map of the Sabzevar City. The amount of gamma radiation was measured at 4 months (September to January) in 2014 year. The dosimeter used in this study was a survey meter, that is designed for monitoring radiation of x, gamma and beta rays. Results: The obtained results show that there are significant differences between the indoor and outdoor exposures (P> 0.05). We did not observe significant differences between the time of sampling and sampling locations, (P<0.05). The minimum and maximum values of dose rate were found 66±20 nSvh-1 and 198±28 nSvh-1. The annual effective dose for Sabzevar residents was estimated to be 0.85 mSv and also the amount of excess lifetime cancer risk was estimated 3.39×10-3. Conclusion: According to the results, the excess lifetime cancer risk and the annual effective dose for the Sabzavar City residents due to the background gamma radiation was higher than the global average (0.5 mSv). The epidemiological studies have been proposed to evaluate the risk of chronic diseases associated with natural radiation exposure among residents.