مروري بر وضعيت مغولان و شگردهاي نويسندگي عطاملك در تاريخ جهانگشا

The ingenuity of Atamalek Joveini in copmosing of the book Jahangosha History" in Mongolia Era

هجوم مغول به كشور پهناور ايران ، موجب خسارات علمي ، عقيدتي ، سياسي ، اقتصادي و اجتماعي شده است كه تاكنون موّرخان و انديشمندان جهان در باره اين رويداد خشن و غير انساني سخن گفته و قلمفرسايي كرده اند، مهمترين ضربه اي كه هجوم مغول بر پيكر تمدّن ايراني وارد كرده است نابودي محافل علمي، ادبي و انساني بوده است كه سالهاي سال آثار تخريبي آن باقي مانده و غير قابل جبران شده است، چنگيز عامل اصلي اين حادثه است كه خوي ماجراجويانه ، ددمنشانه و وحشيانه به ارث مانده از بيابان نشيني خود را برجامعه متمدّن و بي آزار ايراني تحميل كرده است، گرچه ناشي گري و ناداني خوارزمشاه و درباريانش، محركّ اصلي اين واقعه بود، امّا شخصيت خشن چنگيز و درّندگي مغولان را نبايد ناديده گرفت. عطاملك جويني ، كاتب و موّرخ دربار مغولان به خوبي توانسته است عمق اين فاجعه را به نگارش درآورد و اثر تاريخي خود را ماندگار كند، از آنجايي كه قلب عطاملك در راستاي همدردي با جامعه رنجور و زخم ديده ايراني مي تپيد و مي سوخت و نيز مجبور بود تا در ظاهر سلطه، قدرت و عظمت مغولان بد كيش را تصوير نمايد ناگزير شد تا به صورت كنايي، رمزي و ايهام گونه ، هم برمغولان بتازد و هم آنها را بلاي آسماني و مامور الهي معرّفي كند كه نگارنده به نمونه هايي از شگردهاي اين نويسنده اشاره كرده است.

The Mongol invasion to the vast country of Iran caused scientific, ideological, political, economic and social damages. The historians and intellectuals have talked and written a lot about of this rough and inhuman occurrence; but the most important blow that this invasion had on Iranian culture, was the destruction of scientific, literary and human. The traces of these collections and gatherings disasters lasted for the years and years. Chengiz was the principal cause of this occurrence. He who had inherited his adventurous, beastly and barbarously habits from a nomad culture, imposed these on the civilized and peaceful society of Iran. The Mongol invaders, having no faith or morality, (only they had conviction to sorcery or imprudent idolatry) trampled all the sacred things of Iranian oppressed people. Although Khwarazm-Shah’s and his court inexperience and ignorance were the main instigations of this incident but one can’t neglect chengiz rough character and invaders ferocityof changiz. Ata al-Mulk Juveyni, the scribe and historian of Mongol’s court obviously demonstrated this disaster and wrote his great historical work [Taʹ r?kh-e jah?ngush? (History of the World Conqueror)]. He liked to sympathize with afflicted and injured Iranian society but he was obliged to show the supremacy, power and grandappearance of Mongolian Empire. To the effect, he used a sarcastic, mysterious and equivocal language to be both with and against Mongols and to introduce them an act of God and God agents.This writer has pointed out some examples of Juveyni’s tricks.