آموزش فلسفه با رويكرد پرورش تفكر انتقادي و مقايسه آن با سبك سينوي

Teaching Philosophy with the Approach of Training "Critical thinking" and itʹʹs comparison with the method of Ibn Sina

يكي از شيوه‌هاي فعال و نوين آموزش تفكر فلسفي، روش «تفكر انتقادي» است. اين شيوه از ابداعات ماتيو ليپمن و رابرت انيس است كه مبتني بر اصول كنجكاوي انديشمندانه، عينيت‌گرايي، انعطاف‌پذيري، گستردگي فكر، شك‌گرايي معقول و روشمند بودن است. مسيله مهم و قابل طرح اين است كه فيلسوفان اسلامي و به طور مشخص ابن‌سينا به عنوان فيلسوف مروج تفكر فلسفي تا چه اندازه شيوه‌ي تفكر انتقادي را در مسير ترويج فلسفه و رشد تفكر فلسفي به كار بسته است. با بررسي آثار ابن‌سينا و شيوه‌هاي عملي او مشخص مي‌شود كه وي در نقد و تحليل انديشه‌هاي عوام و خواص، در نحوه‌ي برخورد با نقادان معاصرش، در مناسبات علمي ‌با شاگردانش، در تثبيت و ترويج تفكر منطقي (برهاني) در فلسفه به شيوه‌ي «تفكر انتقادي» برخورد كرده است.

The method of critical thinking is one of the active and new methods in teaching philosophical thinking. This method is one of innovations of Matthew Lipman and Robert Ennis which is based on some principles. These principles are thinking curiosity, objectivism, flexibility, extensionality of thinking, rational skepticism and being methodical. In this article an important question is that " How much have the Islamic philosophers especially Ibn Sina as a propagators of philosophical thinking, used the method of critical thinking in the path of propagation of philosophy and development of philosophical thinking? After studying and considering the works of Avicenna and his practical method it has become clear that he has used the method of critical thinking in many situations such as criticism and analysis of the thoughts of common and elite people, in the manner of encounter with his contemporary critics, in his scientific relations to his disciples, in consolidation and propagation of logical thinking (demonstrational thinking) in philosophy