تعيين اولويت پهنه هاي مستعد توريسم تاريخي- فرهنگي استان اصفهان با استفاده GIS

Determining the Priorities of the Areas Fit for Cultural-historical Tourism of Isfahan Province Using GIS

پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعيين اولويت پهنه هاي مستعد توريسم تاريخي- فرهنگي در استان اصفهان انجام گرفته است. با توجه به مولفه هاي مورد بررسي نوع تحقيق كاربردي- توسعه اي بوده و روش تحقيق توصيفي - پيمايشي و بر اساس تجزيه و تحليل سيستمي مي باشد. در اين تحقيق به منظور ارزيابي بر اساس تعداد جاذبه، سطوح عملكرد (ملّي، محلي، بين المللي) و سطوح دسترسي (پياده، سواره) نسبت به جاذبه هاي تاريخي- فرهنگي امتياز داده شده است. بر اساس امتيازات جاذبه هاي تاريخي- فرهنگي استان اصفهان به 5 طبقه تقسيم شده است. طبقه اول مناطقي هستند كه هيچگونه جاذبه تاريخي- فرهنگي در آنها وجود ندارد و در واقع داراي امتياز 0 مي باشند. دسته دوم شامل مناطقي كه امتيازات جاذبه هاي تاريخي- فرهنگي آنها بين 0-108، طبقه سوم شامل مناطقي كه امتيازات آنها بين 108 تا 211، طبقه چهارم شامل مناطقي كه امتيازات آنها بين 211 تا 315 مي باشند. امتيازات جاذبه هاي تاريخي- فرهنگي طبقه پنجم از 315 به بالا مي باشند. به عبارت ديگر، بيشترين ظرفيت توريسم تاريخي- فرهنگي استان اصفهان به صورت متمركز در دو پهنه مركز به مركزيت شهر اصفهان و شمال شرق به مركزيت شهر كاشان و بعد از آن شهر نطنز گسترده شده است؛ با توجه به اينكه اين مركزيت برحسب تعداد جاذبه، سطوح عملكرد و دسترسي به جاذبه ها مي باشد، تا شعاع 40 كيلومتري از مركز شهر اصفهان و كاشان را در بر مي گيرد؛ بنابراين مي توان گفت كه شهر اصفهان به عنوان قطب اول گردشگري تاريخي- فرهنگي استان مطرح بوده و شهر كاشان از جهت جاذبه هاي تاريخي شناخته شده در آن، پس از شهر اصفهان قرار دارد؛ بنابراين يكي از مهمترين زمينه هاي توسعه در شهر اصفهان و كاشان توسعه گردشگري تاريخي - فرهنگي مي باشد.

According to Universal World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), cultural tourism refers to "the travelling of the human beings with merely cultural motivations such as academic, artistic and learning tours as well as their journeys for academic purposes, taking part in the festivals and other cultural events, visit to the sites and places, travel with an academic nature, folklore or art and pilgrimage…" Technically, cultural tourism includes the travelling of the human beings for the purpose of visiting the specific cultural attractions such as cultural heritage sites, cultural aesthetic symbols, arts and parades events which are situated outside of their ordinary living place. The first step for putting the tourism development wheel into motion is to identify and present the existing potential capabilities which can provide the development areas by recognition and all-encompassing planning. Due to its invaluable historical buildings, Isfahan province can be very successful in this area. The present study intends to determine the prioritized areas apt for cultural-historical tourism in Isfahan province, Iran. Considering the components under research, this study is applied-developmental in nature with its methodology being descriptive-survey based on systematic analysis. To carry out the assessment, scoring the areas has been done based on three variables, namely the number of attractions, the level of performance (national, local and international) and level of access (pedestrian or vehicle access) to the cultural-historical attraction sites. Based on the given scores, the cultural-historical attractions of Isfahan province have been divided into 5 categories which are as follows: the first category includes all the regions which do not have any cultural-historical attraction (score=0). The second category includes the regions whose cultural- historical attraction scores range between 0-108, the third category includes the regions whose scores vary between 108 and 211, the forth category includes the regions whose scores were between 211 and 315 and finally, the fifth category covers the regions whose scores are over 315. To put it differently, the highest capacity for the historical-cultural tourism of Isfahan city is centrally situated in two areas i.e. the center area with the centrality of Isfahan city and North-East area with the centrality of Kashan city and then, Natanz. The research on the capacity analysis of Isfahan province in terms of cultural- historical tourism development shows that based on the given scores, nearly %29.51 and %19.6 of the total attractions of the province and %34.7and %22.55 of the cultural- historical tourism attractions of the region respectively belong to Isfahan and Kashan towns. In more detail, %76.49of the historical-cultural attractions of Isfahan province belong to Isfahan while the scores obtained for its different regions are as follows: %50 for region 3, %19.82 for region 1, %13.36 for region 6, %10.91for region 5. Given the fact that Isfahan city possesses the highest number of the Isfahan provinceʹs cultural- historical tourism sources and potentialities some of which are among the most prominent national attractions and of global prestige, it can be claimed that Isfahan city has been known as the first axis of cultural-historical tourism while Kashan city ranked second due to its recognized historical attractions. Accordingly, it can be concluded that cultural-historical tourism can be considered as one of the most important and potential development areas for these two cities.