بررسي سطح كيفيت زندگي در نواحي شهري؛ مطالعه موردي: شهر نيشابور

Evaluation of quality of life in urban areas; case study: city of Neyshabur

شناخت سطح كيفيت زندگي شهروندان در مقياس محلات و نواحي شهري و چگونگي نابرابري بين آنها از مهم ترين وظايف برنامه ريزان شهري است. بر اين مبنا پژوهش حاضر درصدد بررسي چگونگي كيفيت زندگي در سطح نواحي مختلف شهر نيشابور مي باشد كه به منظور نيل به اين هدف، از روش توصيفي - تحليلي و مطالعات ميداني استفاده شده است. جامعه آماري اين پژوهش سرپرستان خانوارهاي نواحي چهار گانه شهر نيشابور هستند كه از ميان آنها و براساس فرمول كوكران نمونه اي به حجم 321 نفر سر پرست خانوار و به روش تصادفي سيستماتيك انتخاب و با توجه به تعداد جمعيت در هر يك از نواحي، پرسشنامه ها توزيع شده است. نتايج پژوهش حاكي از متفاوت بودن ابعاد اقتصادي- اجتماعي و كالبدي – زيست محيطي كيفيت زندگي در سطح نواحي مختلف ، با ضريب معناداري 99% است. اين تفاوت و نابرابري ها در متغير هاي تسهيلات و خدمات شهري، مسايل اجتماعي و... وجود دارد. همچنين نتايج آزمون آماري اسپيرمن بيانگر آن است كه بين احساس تعلق به مكان در بين شهروندان ناحيه مورد مطالعه با سطح كيفيت زندگي آنان رابطه معنا دار در سطح 99% وجود دارد؛ بدين صورت كه هر چه احساس تعلق به مكان در بين مردم بيشتر باشد، رضايت آنها از كيفيت زندگي بيشتر خواهد بود. در رابطه با كيفيت زندگي و رضايت از خدمات رساني دستگاه هاي متولي شهري نيز ضريب معنا داري 99% بدست آمده است كه رابطه ي مثبتي را نشان مي دهد. بنابراين، افزايش امكانات و خدمات در يك ناحيه، افزايش كيفيت زندگي را به همراه خواهد داشت. بطور كلي نتايج بررسي ها نشان مي دهد، شهروندان ناحيه چهار در بين ديگر نواحي شهر نيشابور از كيفيت زندگي بهتري برخوردارند.

This study is designed to him applicable and developemental and has conducted in survey manner. The population was the head of the households living in four differenc districts of neyshabour city including 57726 peoples. Sample size was 321 which is determined Dy kockran formula sampling method was systematic random. Questionnaire was the instrument to gather data which were distributed according to the size of population in each district descriptive and inferential techniques have been used for data analyzing. Results obtained from kruskall- wallis and ANOVA tests show significancy of %99 between economic component of different districts of neyshabor city. Comparison of means of variables showed that district 4 citizen (mean= 2/63) enjoy a higher level of financial situation to satisfy their needs and district 3 citizens (mean= 2/18) have a lower level of financial situation than other districts. There were many factors to assess level of access to municipal infrastructures. Results provided by comparing means indicated that citizenʹs satisfaction of access abilty of many services is higher among thos living in district 1 than other places. Environmentally, the study assessed visual, audio, air and water pollution across different districts. Results of kruskal- Wallis test show significant differences at %99 for audio and visual pollution and %95 for air pollution. With regard to water pollution, there is no significant difference between districts. Also, comparisons of means showed district 3 have the most environment pollution. The study inrestigated some of the social factors suchas cooperation and the level of intimacy and the level of intimacy and solidarity between citizen, their security in urban areas etc. result suggest that there is a significant difference at %99 between intimacy of citizen and their satisfaction of healthcare centers. Means comparing showed that comfort and security in district4 (m=3/63) is higher than 3 other districts. Each of the socio-economic and environmental-demographic dimensions was investigated among all four districts. The test results show significancy coefficient of %99 for each dimension so, it can be said with %99 confidence that the afore-mentioned dimensions of quality of life are different across districts investigated, so, our hypothesis has been approved. The study results indicate different levels of socio-economic and environmental-demographic dimensions of quality of life across different districts (significancy coefficient of %99). Also, this difference is observed in variables such as facilities and municipal services, social affairs and etc. moreover, results of spearman statistical test suggest that there is a significant relationship between sense of belonging to a place among citizens of districts under study and their quality of life, such that the more sense of belonging to a place among citizens, the more satisfied they would be of their quality of life. As to relation between quality of life and satisfaction with municipal services, significancy coefficient of %99 has obtained which indicate a positive correlation. So, a higher level of utilities and services in on district will increase quality of life across that district. Overally, results show that district 4 citizens enjoy of a higher level of quality of life.