بررسي رابطه مكان مندي فضاهاي عمومي شهري با ادراك پيوستگي ساختمان و شهر

Study of the Relationship between Placeness of Urban Public Spaces with Perception of Integrity of Buildings and City

موضوع مقاله، مطالعه رابطه ميزان مكان مندي فضاهاي عمومي شهري با ميزان احساس پيوستگي ساختمان و شهر توسط شهروندان- به عنوان يكي از مهم ترين مولفه هاي كيفيّت فضاهاي عمومي شهري- مي باشد. مفهوم كيفيت فضاهاي عمومي شهري يكي از مفاهيم محوري در مجامع علمي، حرفه اي و مديريتي در حوزه معماري و شهرسازي است. پيوستگي ساختمان و شهر در فضاهاي عمومي شهري در ادراك يكپارچه فضا و هويت مندي آن نقش مهمي ايفا مي نمايد. مكان مندي به عنوان يكي از عوامل تبيين كننده پيوستگي ساختمان و شهر، كيفيتي است كه از طريق وجود كيفيت كالبدي، كيفيت-فضايي، كيفيت فعاليّتي- اجتماعي و كيفيّت معنايي و نمادين فضا حاصل مي شود. مدّعاي مقاله آنست كه بين ميزان مكان مندي فضاهاي عمومي شهري و ميزان احساس پيوستگي ساختمان و شهر هم تغييري وجوددارد. اين مدعاي تبييني در سه سكانس از خيابان وليعصر تهران به آزمون گذاشته شده است. اين مطالعه با رويكردي پديدارشناختي در حوزه روان شناسي ادراك و در چارچوب روش شناسي فازي با روش تحقيق توصيفي- تبييني در سطح نظري و روش تحقيق پيمايشي در سطح تجربي و با تكنيك هاي تحليلي كمّي و كيفي فازي انجام گرفته است. نتايج تحقيق نشان دهنده اين است كه، مكان مندي به عنوان يكي از مهمّترين شروط علّي در پيوستگي ساختمان و شهر به شمار مي آيد و ابعاد فضايي، فعاليّتي- اجتماعي، كالبدي و معنايي– نمادين آن به ترتيب بيشترين سهم را در تبيين ميزان احساس پيوستگي ساختمان و شهر توسط شهروندان ايفا مي نمايند.

The article aims at studying the citizensʹ perception of the integrity of buildings and city with placeness of urban public spaces which is one of the most important components of the quality of urban public spaces. The concept of quality of urban public spaces is one of the pivotal concepts in scientific, professional and management context in the area of architecture and urban planning. Integrity of buildings and city in urban public spaces plays an essential role in unified perception of spaces and its identity. Placeness as an explanatory factory of the integrity of buildings and city in urban public spaces is a quality which is resulted from the existence of physical, spatial, social- activity, and meaning-symbolic qualities. The article claims on the existence of a co-variation between the extent of placeness of urban public spaces and the extent of citizensʹ perception of the integrity of buildings and city in urban public spaces. This explanatory claim is examined in there sequences of vali- e- Asr(A) street of Tehran. The study is done through a phenomenological approach in area of perception psychology in the framework of fuzzy methodology with a descriptive- explanatory research method in the theoretical level and survey research method in the experimental level applying analytic fuzzy quantitative and qualitative techniques. Data collection method is to refer to scientific literature and documents in the theoretical level and survey method through questioner and direct interview in experimental level. Units of observation are selected from those educated people residents and business in the neighboring blocks to the related sequences. The results show that placeness is one of the most important casual conditions in integrity of buildings and city and itʹs spatial, social- activity, physical, and meaning- symbolic dimensions in order play the most roles in explanation of the extent of citizensʹ perception of the integrity of buildings and city. Among in all urban public spaces physical, spatial, social- activity and meaning- symbolic components of spaces, spatial component has the most effects in integrity. Without placeness, the extent of the integrity is very low and near non-integrity. Since, social behaviors and activities occur in space, there are correlation between spatial and social- activity qualities. Too, physical and symbolic dimensions are correlated and therefore covariant. From citizensʹ perspective, Vali- e-Asr(A) has a unique character and identity and so is the most memorial urban element in city of Tehran.