اثر زمان مصرف نيتروكسين و محلول‌پاشي عناصر ريز مغذي بر عملكرد و اجزاي عملكرد ارقام جديد گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) در شرايط آب و هوايي خرم‌آباد

The Effect of Nitroxin Biofertilizer and Foliar Applicatin of Micronutrients Time Consumption on Yield and Yield Components of New Wheat Cultivars under Khorramabad Climatic Conditions

به‌ منظور بررسی اثر زمان مصرف نیتروكسین و محلول‌پاشی عناصر ریز مغذی بر عملكرد و اجزای عملكرد ارقام جدید گندم(Triticum aestivum & T. durum) در شرایط آب و هوایی خرم‌آباد، آزمایشی به ‌صورت فاكتوریل در قالب طرح بلوك‌های كامل تصادفی با سه تكرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی ایستگاه تحقیقات كشاورزی خرم‌آباد طی سال زراعی 92-1391 انجام شد. عامل اول در شش سطح: N0: عدم تلقیح بذر با كود زیستی نیتروكسین و بدون محلول‌پاشی عناصر ریز مغذی (شاهد)، N1: تلقیح بذر با كود زیستی نیتروكسین، N2: محلول‌پاشی عناصر ریز مغذی در مرحله ساقه رفتن، N3: محلول‌پاشی عناصر ریز مغذی در مرحله ظهور سنبله، N4: تلقیح بذر با كود زیستی نیتروكسین و محلول‌پاشی عناصر ریز مغذی در مرحله ساقه رفتن، N5: تلقیح بذر با كود زیستی نیتروكسین و محلول‌پاشی عناصر ریز مغذی در مرحله ظهور سنبله و عامل بعدی در دو سطح، شامل: V1: رقم پارسی و V2: رقم دنا بود. در این بررسی عملكرد دانه، عملكرد بیولوژیك، شاخص برداشت، وزن هزار دانه، تعداد سنبله در واحد سطح، تعداد دانه در سنبله و تعداد سنبلچه در سنبله گندم مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتایج تجزیه واریانس داده‌ها نشان داد كه اثر محلول‌پاشی عناصر ریز مغذی و كود زیستی نیتروكسین بر عملكرد دانه، عملكرد بیولوژیك، شاخص برداشت، وزن هزار دانه، تعداد سنبله در واحد سطح، تعداد دانه در سنبله و تعداد سنبلچه در سنبله گندم تأثیر معنی‌داری داشت. بیشترین عملكرد دانه مربوط به كاربرد توأم تیمار تلقیح بذر با كود زیستی نیتروكسین و محلول‌پاشی عناصر ریز مغذی در مرحله ظهور سنبله بود. با توجه به افزایش قابل توجه عملكرد دانه، كاربرد توأم تیمار تلقیح بذر با كود زیستی نیتروكسین و محلول‌پاشی عناصر ریز مغذی در مرحله ظهور سنبله در شرایط خرم‌آباد توصیه می‌شود.

Introduction In order to study the effects of Nitroxin biofertilizer and foliar application of micronutrients time consumption on yield and yield components of new wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum & T. durum) under Khorramabad climatic conditions, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm khorramabad during growing season of 2012-2013. Considering the positive effect of inoculation with bio-fertilizer and foliar Nitroxin micronutrients and reaction of cultivars to this type of fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizers and the importance of wheat as one of the main crops, this study aims to determine the most appropriate time for foliar and Nitroxin application of micronutrients at the different stages of plant growth and bio-fertilizer application on yield and yield components. Materials and Methods The first factor was considered in six levels: N0: The lack of the seed insemination with nitroxin biofertilizer and without the foliar application of micronutrients (control), N1: the seed inoculation with the nitroxin biofertilizer, N2: the foliar application of micronutrients at the jointing stage, N3: the foliar application of micronutrients at the heading stage, N4: the seed insemination with nitroxin biofertilizer and foliar application of micronutrients at the jointing stage, N5: the seed insemination with nitroxin biofertilizer and foliar application of micronutrients at the heading stage. The second factor was considered at two levels, consisting: V1: Parsi cultivar and V2: Dena cultivar. MSTATC Software was used for data analysis and means were compared by Duncan 's multiple range test at the 5% level. Results and Discussion In this experiment the grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, 1000- grain weight, spike number per m-2, grain number per spike and spikelet number per spike of wheat were studied. The results of the data variance analysis has revealed that there was a significant relationship between foliar application of micronutrients and nitroxin biofertilizer of grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, 1000- grain weight, spike number per m-2, grain number per spike and spikelet number per spike of wheat. The most positive relationship was related to grain and the applying fertilizer treatment of the grain insemination with nitroxin biofertilizer and foliar application of micronutrients at the heading stage. The cultivar factor has also a positive effect on the surveying characteristics such as grain yield, harvest index, 1000-grain weight, spike number per m-2, grain number per spike and spikelet number per spike. The most positive relationship was related to grain and the applying fertilizer treatment of the grain insemination with nitroxin biofertilizer and foliar application of micro-nutrients at the heading stage and the treatment of the Parsi cultivar with an average of 6844/3kg/ha-1. Considering the significant increase in the grain yield, the applying fertilizer treatment of the grain insemination with nitroxin biofertilizer and foliar application of micronutrients at the heading stage and the treatment of the Parsi cultivar were proposed for Khorramabad Situation. Conclusions In this study, significant differences between the various levels and stages of foliar fertilizer, bio Nitroxin micronutrients showed that appropriate use of these two factors can result in maximum performance of the wheat. The process of spraying micronutrients had a significant effect on grain yield. The highest yield of seed was obtained in inoculation with the combined application of organic fertilizer and foliar Nitroxin micronutrients in the treatment of stage and heading to the Persian superior varieties of grain yield. The results of this experiment showed that the use of micronutrients can improve agronomic characteristics and increase the grain yield. Micronutrient fertilizers sprayed on soil conservation assistance in achieving the objectives of sustainable agriculture. The application of biological Nitroxin because of beneficial bacteria in the soil can achieve the goals of sustainable agriculture like reducing chemical inputs and thus the protection of soil and water used in agriculture is very helpful. In this study, there were significant differences between different levels of foliar nutrients and Nitroxin the traits under study showed that the use of these two factors had positive impacts on wheat yield and led to maximum performance.