فراواني مصرف دخانيات در دانش‌آموزان شهر تهران

Frequency of tobacco use among students in Tehran city

زمینه و هدف: مصرف دخانیات به‌عنوان مهمترین عامل قابل پیشگیری بیماری و مرگ زودرس شناخته شده و چهارمین عامل خطربار بیماری‌ها در جهان است. به‌دلیل باور اشتباه ضرر كمتر و منع اجتماعی كمتر، افراد بسیاری قلیان می‌كشند. بر اساس پژوهش‌های انجام‌شده، مصرف دخانیات در نوجوانان در حال افزایش و سن شروع آن رو به كاهش است. در این مطالعه شیوع مصرف تنباكو در دانش‌آموزان گروه سنی 14تا 18 ساله شهر تهران ارزیابی و با مطالعات دیگر مقایسه شد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه مقطعی 2877 دانش‌آموز از خرداد تا تیرماه 1393 در شهر تهران بررسی شدند. نمونه‌گیری از آموزشگاه‌های زبان و فرهنگ‌سراها به‌صورت خوشه‌ای طبقه‌بندی شده بر مبنای مناطق شهر تهران انجام شد. یافته‌ها: از افراد مورد مطالعه (3/13%-8/10%) 5/11% تجربه‌ی مصرف سیگار را داشته و فراوانی مصرف سیگار در حال حاضر (3/5%-7/3%) 4/4% بود. (2/2%-9/0%) 4/1% از دختران و (5/8%-7/5%) 0/7% از پسران در حال حاضر سیگار می‌كشیدند. (001/0P<) تجربه‌ی مصرف قلیان در (4/43%-7/39%) 5/41% افراد، در دختران (2/44%-2/39%) 7/41% و در پسران (2/44%-2/39%) 4/41% وجود داشت. مصرف قلیان در حال حاضر توسط (4/27%-1/24%) 7/25% از دانش‌آموزان گزارش شد. در (7/4%-2/3%) 9/3% از موارد نیز تجربه‌ی مصرف پیپ وجود داشت. نتیجه‌گیری: جنسیت پسر، والدین یا دوست سیگاری، وضعیت اقتصادی بد (نامناسب) با مصرف بالاتر سیگار در ارتباط است. انجام مداخلات كاهش بار مصرف دخانیات در جمعیت نوجوانان كشور به‌ویژه در مورد قلیان و سیگار پیشنهاد می‌شود.

Background: Smoking is known as the most important preventable risk factor for morbidity and premature death. It is the fourth risk factor attributable to burden of disease globally. Because of the misconception that waterpipe is less harmless than cigarette and also less socially prohibited, people smoke waterpipe more. Studies showed that tobacco consumption rate is increasing among adolescents and it`s initiation age has been declined. The aim of current study was the assessment of the prevalence of different types of tobacco use among students aged between 14 to 18 year old in Tehran. Also we had a comparison with similar studies. Methods: In this cross-sectional study 2877 students between May and July 2014 have been assessed. Samples were collected from language institutes and “Farhangsara”s according to stratified cluster sampling based on the educational zones in Tehran. A structured questionnaire was used for different types of tobacco use habit assessment. Because of sampling method, data analysis was done with complex sample survey analysis in SPSS, ver. 20 (Chicago, IL, USA) and Stata, ver. 12 (College Station, TX, USA) software. P-values less than 0.05 considered as statistically significance. Results: Among participants 11.5% (10.8%-13.3%) had cigarette smoking experience. The prevalence of current cigarette smoking was 4.4% (3.7%-5.3%). 1.4% (0.9%-2.2%) of girls and 7% (5.7%-8.5%) of boys were current cigarette smokers (P< 0.001). Waterpipe smoking experience prevalence was 41.5% (39.7%-43.4%) in total, 41.7% (39.2%-44.2%) in girls and 41.4% (39.2%-44.2%) in boys. Current waterpipe smoking was reported in 25.7% (24.1%-27.4%) of students with no statistically significant difference between boys and girls. Pipe smoking experience prevalence was 3.9% (3.2%-4.7%) and it was more frequent in boys. Conclusion: Cigarette smoking was significantly higher among boys than girls, while waterpipe smoking prevalence showed no difference. In addition, smoking prevalence was higher among students who had smoker parents or smoker friends and also had a bad economic status. It seems that specific interventions should be considered to reduce tobacco burden in adolescents specially in regard to cigarette and waterpipe smoking.