ارتقاي فرصت حضور و مشاركت مردم با استفاده از معرفي گونه-هاي فضاي عمومي شهر خلاق (نمونه موردي شهر يزد)

Promoting Public Participation Through Public Spaces of The Creative City (Case Study: City of Yazd)

امروزه مشاركت شهروندان، نياز اساسي براي دستيابي به شهر خوب و پايدار است. افزايش علاقه مندي براي حضور در فضاي عمومي و افزايش برهم كنش اجتماعي و بروز خلاقيت شهروندان براي مشاركت گروه هاي اجتماعي مي‌تواند بسيار مفيد باشد. اين مقاله، با روشي توصيفي و تحليلي و با رويكردي كمي و كيفي، ضمن بررسي ابعاد مختلف فضاي عمومي در شهر يزد، گونه هاي فضاي عمومي باقابليت و عملكرد جديد بر پايه شاخصه هاي شهر خلاق، زمينه ارتقاي حضور شهروندان را معرفي و ارزيابي نموده است؛ در اين راستا بر مبناي روش مقايسه اي، شاخصه ها و معيارهاي مبنا براي تشخيص وضعيت فضاي عمومي خلاق يزد ارايه‌شده است. تحليل اختلافي- ارزشي و يكنواخت معيارهاي به‌دست‌آمده از جمله سلسله‌مراتب فضاي عمومي، فضاي چندمنظوره و مستعد و پاسخگوي نياز مردم، فعاليت و مشاغل نزديك به هم، فضاي مهيج و فرهنگ مشاركت نشان مي دهد كه شهر يزد را مي توان به‌عنوان شهري با پتانسيل شهر خلاق براي معرفي گونه هاي جديد فضاي عمومي در نظر گرفت. اين بررسي نشان مي‌دهد كه كاركرد فضاهاي عمومي، ارتباطي، شكل‌دهنده محله، مسكوني، چندمنظوره، شكوفا كننده استعداد مردم، تقويت كننده روابط اجتماعي، مهيج، پاسخگو، آگاهي دهنده و اعتقادي بوده است. اين فضاها مي تواند انگيزه حضور مردم براي افزايش مشاركت عمومي در مديريت شهر را فراهم كند.

Citizen participation in various aspects of urban affairs is a key component of urban management to create sustainable city. Public space has a great role in increasing social interaction, reflecting citizens’ creativity, promoting sense of interest, and creating sense of participation among different social groups. Creative city is concept that provides a new way for city application of creative factors to generate opportunities for urban prosperity. This approach can be a tool for tourism growth through public space development and Emphasizing the importance of culture as an urban development factor. In this process, the important point is to increase the attractiveness and competitiveness of public space for cultural events and more use of public spaces. The key point is promoting constructive interaction among people in public spaces by cultural events. The purpose of this paper is to promote the opportunity of citizen’s participation through introducing new forms of public space which is in line with characteristics of creative city. The characteristics and criteria of creative city were conceptualized based on the literature review and experiences. This formed a structure to detect the status of public space in the city of Yazd regarding the concept of creative city. Yazd is ancient city with dual texture (old and new) that its public spaces was not consider by cities authority. Although its Physical quality is deteriorating, its spatial structure consider hierarchical pattern in the line with good city form theory. The urban development plans pay more attention to the new development area and ignore the old neighborhoods. While public spaces in the old part of the city contained the potential to promote participation. But they were given less attention by cities authorities and urban development. The study shows that the public spaces contain hierarchical in the old town. On the contrary, there is no hierarchical in the new development area and they only contained semipublic and public space zone. This study shows that can be used to increase participation in city spaces, but they require some physical changes and reorganization. New and old Public spaces such as midancheh in center of old neighborhood , bazaar and , other tradition trade spaces, Public spaces of Offices, educational spaces, Mosques and other Religious and historical space, Streets, alleys and dead ends, Leisure spaces, terminals, and nods. Yazd public space planning can be divided in several categories: Multi-purpose public spaces like bus station, open space of old neighborhoods, new open spaces, streets and shopping centers. In the meantime, most of this spaces especially urban exciting spaces are meanly neglected. The creative city emphasis on the public spaces in line white participatory approach and its capability to adapt white interest of the creative class and the people. The difference-value analysis and resulting uniform standards, including the hierarchy of public spaces, multifunctional and responsive spaces, activities close to each other, exciting atmosphere, and corporate culture show that the city of Yazd contained the potential of a creative city in Iran. Each of these points can motivate the presence and participation of people in the decision-making, implementation and management of the city.