تاثير جدايي فقه و اخلاق در ضعف فرهنگ اخلاقي در تمدن اسلامي

The Effect of the Separation of Jurisprudence from Ethics in Weakness of Ethical Culture in Islamic Civilization

اخلاق در هندسه تمدن اسلام بسان ريشه‌اي است كه ساقه و پايه بقيه معارف ديني، يعني فقه و عقايد را فراهم مي‌آورد. فقه‌ورزي نيز كه با نوعي وسعت فهم و درك عميق و ماهرانه در مجموعه معارف دين و با هدف مديريت حيات طيبه انسان و راهبري و هدايت او انجام مي‌گرفت، به‌تدريج در احكام عملي و رفتارهاي ظاهري انحصار پيدا كرد و در شريعت و تشخيص حلال و حرام و اداي تكليف در خصوص ظواهر رفتاري ويژه گشت و رفته‌رفته دانش مستقلي به اسم علم فقه را تاسيس نمود كه با بيرون راندن صفات و بر محور فعل مكلف متكفل احكام آن گرديد. به نظر مي‌رسد فرهنگ و ارزش‌هاي اخلاقي اگر بخواهد سهم لازم و موقعيت واقعي خود را در نظام معرفتي و سبد علوم اسلامي و مديريت فرهنگي و توليت جامعه متمدن ديني بازيابد، بازشناسي عوامل اين آسيب و آفت‌شناسي موانع درون‌ديني آن ضرورت دارد؛ عواملي چون تنزل از جايگاه اصلي به رتبه زايد و زينتي و انحصار فقه در احكام عملي و رفتاري كه خاستگاه تاريخي جدايي دستگاه فقه از اخلاق مي‌باشد.

Ethics in geometry of Islamic civilization is like a basis which forms the foundation of the rest of the religious educations i.e. jurisprudence and beliefs. Being carried out by a deep and elaborate understanding of the collection of the religious educations and by aiming at managing human’s pure life and conducting him, prevalence of jurisprudence gradually became exclusive to the practical provisions and apparent behavior, then it became specific in Sharia and recognition of lawful from unlawful as well as regarding behavioral manifestations. Finally, an independent knowledge called the science of jurisprudence was established that by driving characteristics and based on the required action it supported the related provisions. It seems that if the ethical values and culture want to find its real status and necessary contribution within the ontological system and Islamic Sciences’ package, as well as cultural management and custodianship of the religious civilized society, recognition of the factors of this damage and pathology of its intra-religious barriers will be necessary i.e. the factors such as degradation from the main position to the rank of being redundant and ornamental, and exclusivity of jurisprudence to practical provisions and a tendency which is historically raised from separation of jurisprudence system from ethics.