بازسازي مجموعه قصرهاي حكومتي دارالسلطنه تبريز در دوره قاجار با استناد بر مستندات تاريخي

Reconstruction of the Qajar Dynasty Tabriz Daralsaltanat Governmental Palaces, According to Historical Documents

شهر تبريز در دوره پادشاهي فتحعلي شاه، وليعهدنشين و دومين شهر بزرگ كشور بوده و از نقطه نظر سياسي، يكي از مراكز اصلي تصميم گيري‌ها به شمار مي رفته است. همچنين كاخ ها و بناهاي حكومتي مهمي در اين دوره ساخته شدند. قصرهاي حكومتي با دارا بودن فضاهايي نظير ديوانخانه، شمس العماره، جبه خانه، توپخانه، حرم خانه و معلم خانه، به عنوان يكي از فضاهاي مهم دارالسلطنه تبريز تا اواخر دوره قاجار همچنان به حيات خود ادامه مي دادند ليكن در اوايل دوره پهلوي اول، به دليل ساخت و سازهاي جديد به طور كامل تخريب شده و از بين رفت. متاسفانه منابع زيادي كه دال بر چگونگي ساخت و سازمان فضايي اين مجموعه وجود ندارد. بنابراين هدف اين مقاله بازسازي مجموعه قصرهاي حكومتي دارالسطنه تبريز در دوره قاجار با استناد بر مستنداتي از قبيل نقشه هاي تاريخي، عكس هاي موجود از برخي مراسم اواخر قاجار و در نهايت متون تاريخي مي باشد. جمع آوري داده ها به روش توصيفي با رويكرد تاريخي- اسنادي با بهره گيري از متون و منابع انجام خواهد پذيرفت. همچنين تحليل داده ها و يافته هاي ناشي از مطالعات به روش تحليلي- تطبيقي صورت مي پذيرد. نتايج تحقيق حاكي از آن است كه مجموعه قصر حكومتي پس از زلزله سال 1194 ه.ق پايه گذاري شده و تا اواخر حكومت قاجار وجود داشته اند.

The city of Tabriz was one of the most important and historical cities of Iran which had a pre-Islamic background. This city was one of the main center of Azarbayjan in the most historical era and it had been capital in some era like Ilkhanian, Gharaghoyonlu, Agh ghoyonlu and even early of Safavi era. Historical background and continuous efforts residents of Tabriz cause to infrastructure some sort of urban and architecture spaces, unfortunately few relic of them has remained. During the reign of Fath-Ali Shah, Tabriz had been the city of crown princes and the second big city in the country, more over It had been being one of the main political centers also Significant governmental building and palaces were built in this era. Architecture and urban spaces was destructed by lots of natural and artificial factors. Based on research of Yahya Zaka, the earthquakes on 1708 was severe that had not left even an inch of wall’s height. This happening caused to lose the old spatial organization and structure of city in Safavi era, after that new structure in Qajar era had been established by Najaf Gholi Khan Biglar Beigi’ s construction. Reconstruction of the city was built by the people again after the last destruction and damaging. After the last ruined, the renewed structure of the city begin by the people. So with this formation new battlement or the last one begin to construct and it finished on 1809. According to extant illustrated documents, the complex of governmental palaces of Tabriz Daralsaltanat was one of the most worth and unique construction which had been built in Qajar era. It had been located in the center of the city and east side of Tabriz Bazar with area of nearly 7.5 hectare. Governmental palaces containing of spaces like Divankhaneh, Shamsolemareh, Jobbe khaneh, Toop khaneh, Haram khaneh, Moallem khaneh was existing as one of the main spaces of Tabriz Darolsaltanat until late Qajar era, however, it was ruined and disappeared by new construction in the early first Pahlavi era. The building of governmental palaces, Melli Bank and organization of Economic Affairs and finance were located instead of the exquisite collection. Whereas, there isn’t any research about how had been the spatial structure and architecture of governmental palaces in Qajar era, this article is the first proceeding to recognize and study the architectural trait of this place. The main question is when the governmental palaces of Tabriz Daralsaltanat was built, what changes it had been had and what spaces it had been included? Therefore, the purpose of this article is Reconstruction of the Qajar dynasty Tabriz Daralsaltanat governmental palaces, according to documents such as historical maps, some existent photos of late Qajar ceremony and finally historical manuscripts. The results indicate that the complex of governmental palaces built after the earthquakes on 1679 happened and it had been being existed until late Qajar. Hence, the governmental spatial structure will be going to exposure after reconstruction of the complex over a period of 150 years.