بررسي توزيع فضايي كيفيت زندگي در نواحي روستايي (مطالعه موردي: منطقه اورامانات استان كرمانشاه)

Investigating the Spatial Distribution of Life Quality in Rural Areas (Case study: Oramanat Area of Kermanshah Province)

اهداف: هدف از تحقيق حاضر بررسي توزيع فضايي كيفيت زندگي در مناطق روستايي اورامانات استان كرمانشاه(چهار شهرستان با جمعيتي برابر با 23356 خانوار) است. روش: اين پژوهش از نوع كاربردي است و به لحاظ گرد آوري اطلاعات، از نوع توصيفي پيمايشي است كه به صورت موردي در مناطق روستايي انجام شده است. تعداد 358 نفر(سرپرست خانوار) با استفاده از فرمول كوكران به عنوان نمونه آماري انتخاب. شده است و با استفاده از روش نمونه گيري خوشه اي، از بين شهرستان هاي مورد نظر(2روستا از هر دهستان) برگزيده شده است و در مجموع 42 روستا به عنوان روستا هاي هدف انتخاب شده است. يافته ها/ نتايج: نتايج كلي پژوهش نشان داده است سطح كيفيت زندگي در محدوده مورد مطالعه(با ميانگين 1/2) پايين تر از حد متوسط بوده است و بين شهرستان هاي مورد مطالعه، از نظر عوامل موثر بر كيفيت زندگي(به استثناي بعد اقتصادي) تفاوت معني داري در سطح 95 درصد اطمينان وجود دارد. نتيجه گيري: نتايج حاكي از وجود شكاف و نابرابري در بين شهرستان هاي منطقه اورامانات در سطح كيفيت زندگي بوده است.

1. INTRODUCTION Quality of life studies can be used to identify problematic issues, causes of public dissatisfaction, life priorities of the people, the effect of socio-demographic factors on quality of life, and to monitor and evaluate policies and strategies that help promote the quality of life. As suggested by researchers, the participation of local communities in quality of life studies can support determining long-term policies and goals. Given the undeniable influence of the quality of life in developing human societies, the authors, in collaboration with the local people of Orarmanat area in Kermanshah Province, attempt to investigate the overall status of development index, exploring whether there is any difference between the quality of people’s life in four rural areas of Ravansar, Javan rood, Pave, Salas and Babajani. 2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Historically, the first attempts to measure the quality of life were rooted in movement of social indicators. This movement was officially begun in late 1960s, and until 1970s, the quality of life was mainly concerned with materialistic notions and consequences of economic growth. Following the emergence of the negative effects of economic growth and the presentation of sustainable development theory, the quality of life found a more social basis and was incorporated as the main goal of development in planning discussions. The 1990s was the beginning of quality of life discussions with an emphasis on social structures such as social capital, social solidarity and social justice. Generally, the ultimate goal of quality of life is to enable people to live a life of high quality which is both purposeful and enjoyable. Some common definitions of the quality of life include: public welfare, social welfare, happiness, satisfaction, the overall satisfaction with one’s life, satisfaction with oneʹs human and physical conditions and the fulfillment of human needs in relation to the perceptions of individuals and groups. According to Lee, the best way to explore the quality of life is to inquire people about their perception of life. 3. METHODOLOGY This study is descriptive-analytical and seeks to investigate the spatial distribution of the quality of life in rural areas of Oramanat. Data collection was implemented using field data (gathered by a questionnaire) and library research. The population of the study consisted of all residents of Oramanat area including 4 towns, 9 sectors, 21 townships and 492 villages with a population of 93,198 people and 23,356 households. To estimate the sample size, Cochran formula was used and 385 individuals (householders) were selected through multi-stage sampling method. 4. DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION The results of Table 1 show that the quality of life in rural areas of Oramanat with a mean of 2.1 and standard deviation of 0.662 was below average and dissatisfactory. Table 1: Overview Status of the Quality of Life and Seven Areas of Research in Oramanat Area Index Mean Standard deviation Coefficient of Variation Rank 7 .0476 .0840 1.763 Economic 2 .0293 .0887 3.024 Social 3 .0318 .0806 2.527 Cultural 6 .0433 .0759 1.751 Spatial 4 .0329 .0842 2.558 Environmental 5 .0349 .0974 2.787 Physical 1 .0221 .0651 2.944 Psychological - - .0662 2.1 Quality of life Source: Research findings, summer 2013 To sum up, the results of variance analysis revealed that the studied towns were significantly different in terms of social, cultural, spatial, environmental, psychological, and physical dimensions. Also, the analysis of variance showed that rural areas in these towns were not significantly different with respect to the economic dimension. The results of this study about the difference of spatial distribution of quality of life in studied town in 0ramanat area are consistent with the literature, which revealed the disparity of areas in terms of quality of life. Finally, it is worth mentioning that the results of the present study in Oramanat rural areas are consistent with the realities of lower quality of life and regional disparity in terms of enjoyment of the quality of life.