توحيد افعالي و رابطه آن با فعل اختياري انسان

The Unity of the Acts (Tawhid Afa’ali) and Its Relationship to the Voluntary Act or Actions of Man

توحيد اولين اصل از اصول اعتقادي ماست كه شامل توحيد در انديشه و عمل مي‌باشد و هر يك از اين دو شعوبي دارد كه توحيد افعالي يكي از اقسام توحيد نظري است و از ديدگاه فلاسفه و متكلمان اسلامي به اين معناست كه موجودات عالم در ذات و صفات استقلال ندارند و هر سببي، هستي و فاعليت خود را از خدا مي‌گيرد. شعب توحيد افعالي نظير توحيد در خالقيت، ربوبيت، رازقيت، حاكميت، مالكيت و... است كه هر كدام از اين شعب با اختيار انسان مرتبط است و مسايلي از قبيل اعتقاد به جبر و تفويض را در پي دارد لكن اين انحرافات فكري با عقيده «امرٌ بين الامرين» كه از اعتقادات شيعه است، كاملاً قابل رفع است.

M onotheism (Oneness of God or Unity of Allah) is the first principle of our religious beliefs (theological beliefs) which embodies a vast meaning and includes Unity (Tawhid) in thought and act or action and each of these branches has sub branches which the Unity of the Acts (Tawhid afa’ali) is a kind of theoretical Unity (Tawhid). From the perspective of Islamic philosophers and theologians, it means that all creation of the universe (all created beings) not only in essence (dhat) and attributes but also in the realm of effectiveness and being affected are dependent on God. Every cause gets his existence, effectiveness and creative agency from Him. The branches of the Unity of Acts like Unity in creation, Lordship, providing, governing and owning which every of these branches relates to free will of man and follows problems such as determinism and free will. But these deviations in thought can be completely removed with clarifying (presenting) the theory of moderation and belief to the state between these two categories (determinism and free will) which are of Shia’s beliefs. Keywords: The unity of the acts, The unity in creation, Voluntary act of man, Determinism, Free will, The state between these two categories (Determinism and free will).