ردّ پاي ناتوراليسم در «سنگ صبور» و «زقاق المَدَق»

Signs of naturalism in “Sange Sabour” and “Zoqaq Al-Madaq”

ناتوراليسم به نوعي دنباله مكتب رياليسم محسوب مي‌شود و به دليل نزديكي بسيار اين دو مكتب، تشخيص آثار رياليستي از ناتوراليستي دشوار مي‌گردد. يكي از مشكلات نقد داستان‌هاي چوبك، به ويژه رمان «سنگ صبور» همين است. برخي آن را اثري رياليستي و برخي ناتوراليستي مي‌دانند. ادبيات معاصر عربي هم از قاعده تجلي چندين مكتب ادبي در بطن رمان‌هاي‌اش مستثني نبوده است؛ «زقاق المدق» نجيب محفوظ نيز داستاني رياليستي است كه ردپايي از ناتوراليسم در خود دارد. ما در اين مقاله تلاش كرديم ضمن معرفي دو رمان «سنگ صبور» و «زقاق المدق» به تطبيق آن دو با هم پرداخته و نشانه‌هاي مكتب ناتوراليسم را در آن دو بيابيم.

Every literary movement forms under certain circumstances such as social, economic, political and historical. Nineteenth century in the West is the development of science and industrialism. In the nineteenth century, humans thought that can answer all your questions once through science. Even the writers were trying to deal with literature scientifically. Then naturalism entered to literature. Naturalism is close to Realist and their diagnosis is difficult. One of the problems of critic of Choubak’s novels, especially “Sange Sabour”, is it. Some know realistic and some say naturalistic. Literary movements effect on Arabic contemporary literature too. “Zoqaq Al-Madaq” is a realistic work that has sign of naturalistic. In this paper, we introduce two novels, match them and find signs of naturalism in them.