ارزيابي و اولويت بندي سيستم هاي مختلف حمل ونقل عمومي سريع در كلان شهر تهران با استفاده از مدل هاي كارآمد

Evaluation and Prioritization of Rapid Public Transit Systems in Tehran Metropolis with TOPSIS and Shannon Entropy Technique

اهداف: حمل ونقل يكي از مهم ترين اركان توسعه شهري است كه براي جابه جايي مردم و كالاها دربين فضاها و اماكن مختلف جغرافيايي به كار مي رود. مقاله حاضر درنظر دارد تا با توجه به اهميت موضوع موردبحث و با بهره گيري از رويكرد MCDM به ارزيابي و اولويت بندي انواع سيستم هاي حمل ونقل سريع اتوبوسي و ريلي براي كلان شهر تهران بپردازد. روش تحقيق: اساس تحقيق حاضر بر مطالعات و تجزيه وتحليل كتابخانه اي استوار بوده است؛ به اين-صورت كه ابتدا باتكيه برمطالعات كتابخانه اي و ادبيات نظري موجود كه بيشتر برپايه منابع خارجي مي-باشند، شاخص هاي متنوع موردنظر دررابطه با سيستم هاي حمل ونقل سريع استخراج گرديد و در ادامه داده-هاي مربوط به هرشاخص جمع آوري شد. در مرحله بعد، شاخص ها وارد الگوريتم TOPSIS شدند وسيستم-هاي مختلف براي كلان شهر تهران اولويت بندي گرديدند. يافته ها/ نتايج: براساس مطالعات موجود، سيستم مترو در كلان شهر تهران با دارابودن كمترين فاصله و بيشترين نزديكي به صورت ايده آل، اولين رتبه را به خود اختصاص داده است. بعد از سيستم مترو، سيستم حمل ونقل BRT دومين رتبه را دارا مي باشد. با محاسبات فوق، سيستم مونوريل آخرين رتبه را به خود اختصاص داده است. اين مسيله نشان مي دهد كه با توجه به شاخص‌هاي موردنظر در مقاله حاضر سيستم مترو بيشترين قابليت و مطلوبيت را در رفع مشكلات حمل ونقل عمومي كلان شهر تهران دارا مي باشد. نتيجه گيري: با توجه به اهميت و ضرورت ارزيابي و اولويت بندي سيستم‌هاي مختلف حمل ونقل به ويژه سيستم‌هاي حمل ونقل عمومي سريع در شهرها، در مقاله حاضر با استفاده از رويكرد MCDM و تكنيك‌هاي TOPSIS و آنتروپي شانون به اولويت بندي و ارزيابي سيستم‌هاي يادشده در كلان شهر تهران پرداخته شد كه درنهايت، بررسي‌هاي صورت گرفته براساس شاخص‌هاي موردنظر نشان مي‌دهد كه سيستم مترو بيشترين قابليت و مطلوبيت را در رفع مشكلات حمل ونقل عمومي كلان شهر تهران دارا مي باشد. درمقابل، سيستم مونوريل قابليت و اولويت بسيار پاييني است؛ برهمين اساس، مديران شهري در كلان شهر تهران مي توانند از سيستم مترو به عنوان گزينه اصلي و بلندمدت و از سيستم‌هاي ديگر چون سيستم BRT به-عنوان راهكارهاي كوتاه‌مدت براي رفع مشكلات حمل ونقل عمومي در اين شهر بهره ‌گيرند.

1- INTRODUCTION Transportation and traffic are one of the major issues and challenges that are facing urban managers, so that they have become one of the major challenges in the political area. Transport is one of the most important elements of urban development which is used for people and goods moving from a different geographical place to other places. In order to achieve efficient productivity in urban areas transportation is needed. Tehran Metropolis along with their many problems has encountered a wide problem in public transport area. In order to solve the traffic problems in Tehran during the last years, there have been discussions and controversies among different authorities of urban management (state and municipal) for choosing urban rapid transportation system for Metropolis Tehran. This paper sets out to evaluate and prioritize a variety of bus and rail transportation systems for Tehran Metropolis by using MCDM approach. 2- THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Urban transportation as part of the overall transportation system is one of the components of municipal communication system. Its purpose is better accessing among the different land users within a city, work traffic and people and goods movement among these adapted areas. In urban transportation systems and choosing various models usually time interval is more important than distance and geographical location. Totally urban transportation means people and goods movement within cities. These movements which are influenced by the exchange of goods and services and social and recreational activities in the cities, not only affect the size of the urban construction and urban development but also it depends on choosing desired transportation systems as well as the size and its urban structure of the area. Basically, urban transportation is defined in three broad categories, including: public transportation, personal transportation, and goods transportation. However, the general objective of public transportation is providing mobility and better accessing to mass or certain parts of the city. The efficiency of this form of transportation is for people who move a lot. In fact, the public transportation system refers to a system that anyone can be used under defined conditions, such as buying a ticket. 3-METHODOLOGY This research is based on library studies and analysis. First, based on library research and theoretical literature, which are mostly based on foreign sources, a variety of indicators used in relation to rapid transit systems were determined and the related data were collected for each indicator. Then the TOPSIS algorithm and the indexes into different systems for metropolitan Tehran were prioritized. 4- DISCUSSION Based on existing studies, Tehran subway system has accounted first rank, having the minimum distance to the closest ideal level. After the subway system, BRT transportation system has the second rank. Above calculations show that monorail system is dedicated the latest rank. This indicates that subway system has been resolving the public transportation problems in Tehran due to the quality parameters and the greatest potential desirability. In contrast, monorail systems have very low priority and capabilities. The result of the study shows that the urban managers of Tehran must consider subway transportation system development as the most fundamental and desirable choice to solve the problem. Regarding high cost and time consumption of the subway system in the whole country, they can use the following ranked choices, including the BRT system to solve existing problems. 5- CONCLUSION & SUGGESTIONS Transportation systems have a basic role not only in economic life of countries but also in citizens’ life. Transportation and traffic issues have an important and sensitive role in a community’s quality and socio- economical structure. The basic need of modern urban life is transportation. Determining transportation system is one of the challenges that often arise in the context of sustainable development in cities. Transportation system which the pattern and structure of extent. Considering the importance and necessity to evaluate and prioritize different transportation systems particularly rapid public transportation systems, this paper used TOPSIS approach and Shannon entropy and MCDM techniques to prioritize and evaluate these systems in Tehran metropolitan finally, conducted studies on the basis of the criteria indicated that the subway system has maximum capacity of public transportation desirability in Tehran. In contrast the, monorail systems have low priority. Therefore, urban managers in Tehran metropolis can use the subway system as the main and long-term option and other systems such as the BRT for short-term strategies to solve public transportation problems in the city.