بازخواني مراحل حيات شهري پيامبر

A Review of the Stages of the Prophetʹʹs Urban Life

مدينهالنبي جامع اركان مادي و معنوي يك شهر اسلامي است. شهري كه فرايند سير و تحول قريه به مدينه را در قالب حيات شهري پيامبر| تجربه كرده و نمايان ساخته است. هرچند طرح شهري مدينهالنبي در راه اجراي كامل پس از رحلت آن حضرت متوقف ماند. لكن با كمك علم تاريخ قابل بازسازي و تجسم‌بخشي است. حيات شهري پيامبر اسلام| پنج مرحله مجزا را طي كرد: مكه او را راند و حيات شهري مكي او را سلباً سامان داد. يثرب او را خواند و شرايطي كه اجابتِ او را به دنبال داشت، حيات شهري دارالهجره را شكل داد. طيبه ـ مدينهالرسول ـ مدينهالنبي، سه مرحله ديگر از حيات شهري پيامبر| است. اين مقاله سعي در تبيين ويژگي‌هاي هريك از مراحل مذكور و فرايند تحول آن را دارد تا روشن گردد حيات شهري پيامبر| براي وصول به تحقق تمدن اسلامي چه مراحلي را طي كرده و در عرصه‌هاي پنج‌گانه فوق، طرح‌واره جهان‌شهرِ آرماني اسلام را چگونه كامل كرده است كه حاصل آن نه صدها شهر تاسيسي و توسعه‌اي طي چهار قرن پس از رحلت آن حضرت، بلكه طرح واره‌اي بود كه در بستر تاريخ در انتظار اجراي كامل باقي ماند.

Mad?na-tu an-Nab? (the City of the Prophet) comprised the materialistic and spiritual elements and components of an Islamic city; however it was not similar to the developed and established cities in the Islamic civilization era. It was a city which experienced and revealed the processes of evolution and transformation of a village into a city during the urban life of the Prophet. Although the accomplishment of the urban design of Mad?na-tu an-Nab? was terminated after the demise of the Prophet, it could be reconstructed and embodied with the help of the science of history. The urban life of the Prophet went through five distinct stages. Mecca drove him and settled his Meccan urban life. Yathrib invited him by providing circumstances that led to his acceptance and his urban life was shaped in Dar Al-Hijrah (the Land of Migration). The other stages of the urban life of the Prophet included Tayyibah (the Good-Wholesome Life), Mad?na-tu al-Rasûl (the City of the Prophet) and Mad?na-tu an-Nab?. This article tries to explain the characteristics of each of these mentioned stages and their transformation processes to reveal what steps were taken to achieve the realization of the Islamic civilization during the urban life of the Prophet. It also investigates how the design of the utopian cosmopolis was accomplished in the five mentioned areas resulting in the establishment and development of hundreds of cities during the four centuries after the death of the Prophet. This design remained pending for full implementation throughout the history.