بررسي همبستگي بين شاخص‌هاي سبك دلبستگي و ارضاي نيازهاي بنيادين روانشناختي با افسردگي (از طريق تحليل مسير)

The correlation between indicators of basic psychological needs satisfaction and attachment style with depression (through path analysis)

سابقه و هدف: اخيراً پژوهشگران حوزه‌ي روانشناسي توجه خود را به شناسايي عوامل واسطه‌اي بين دلبستگي و افسردگي معطوف نموده‌اند. با توجه به عوارض شناخته شده‌ي ناديده گرفتن اين عوامل واسطه‌اي روي سبب شناسي افسردگي در تشخيص و درمان افسردگي، در اين تحقيق در نظر است از طريق ضريب استاندارد مسير رابطه بين شاخص‌هاي سبك دلبستگي و نيازهاي بنيادين روانشناختي با افسردگي بررسي گردد. هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسي نقش واسطه‌اي ارضاي نيازهاي بنيادين روانشناختي در رابطه بين دلبستگي و افسردگي مي‌باشد. مواد و روش‌ها: اين تحقيق به روش توصيفي از نوع همبستگي روي 290 نفر از دانشجويان دانشكده روانشناسي و علوم تربيتي دانشگاه علامه طباطبايي انجام شد. شاخص‌هاي نيازهاي بنيادين روانشناختي شامل خودمختاري، شايستگي و تعلق از طريق مقياس ارضاي نيازهاي بنيادين روانشناختي، شاخص‌هاي دلبستگي اجتنابي و دلبستگي دوسوگرا از طريق مقياس دلبستگي بزرگسال و شاخص افسردگي با مقياس افسردگي مركز مطالعات اپيدميولوژيك، اندازه‌گيري و ضريب مسير از روش تحليل مسير تعيين و گزارش گرديد. يافته‌ها: يافته‌هاي حاصل از تحقيق نشان داد بين شاخص‌هاي پنج گانه با افسردگي همبستگي وجود ندارد (7/0 > r) و همبستگي بين دلبستگي اجتنابي با افسردگي 15/0 ولي از طريق ارضاي نيازهاي بنيادين 35/0 و نيز همبستگي بين دلبستگي دوسوگرا و افسردگي 26/0 و از طريق ارضاي نيازهاي بنيادين 45/0 بود (01/0 > P). نتيجه‌گيري: به نظر مي‌رسد كه نيازهاي بنيادين روانشناختي مي‌توانند روي آسيب شناسي افسردگي و سبك دلبستگي بهتر از ارتباط مستقيم سبك دلبستگي و افسردگي تاثير بگذارد. تحقيقات بيشتر را در اين زمينه توصيه مي‌كنيم.

Background and Aim: Recently psychology researchers have focused on the factors that mediate the relationship between attachment and depression. Due to complications associated with ignoring these mediating factors in the etiology of depression diagnosis and treatment of depression. Therefore, in this study through the standard path coefficient, the relationships between attachment styles and basic psychological needs with depression are investigated. The aim of this study is to evaluate the mediating role of the basic psychological needs satisfaction in the relationship between attachment and depression. Materials and Methods: This study was descriptive and 290 students from the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of Allameh Tabatabaʹi University were selected. Indicators of basic psychological needs including autonomy, competence and belonging were measured by the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction Scale (BPNS-general version), indicators of ambivalent attachment and avoidant attachment were measured by the adult attachment inventory, and indicator of depression was measured by the center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), and the path coefficient were analyzed using path analysis to assess the theoretical model. Results: There was no correlation between the five indicators with depression (r < 0.7). The correlation between avoidant attachment with depression was 0.15 but through basic psychological needs satisfaction was 0.35 and the correlation between ambivalent attachment with depression was 0.26 but through basic psychological needs satisfaction was 0.45 (p < 0.01). ‍Conclusion: It seems that the basic psychological needs satisfaction moderate the relationship between attachment avoidance and depression. More research in this field is recommended.