پيشگيري از جرم پول‌شويي در نظام پولي و بانكي

Preventing Money Laundering in Monetary and Banking System

بانك‌ها و موسسات اعتباري، مركز اصلي مبادلات پولي شناخته مي‌شوند و اتخاذ تدابير مناسب پيشگيرانه، از ورود پول‌هاي كثيف به نظام پولي و بانكي اهميت به سزا دارد. براي دستيابي به اين مهم، لازم است در مرحله اول بانك مركزي نظارت موثري بر تاسيس بانك‌ها و موسسات مالي و اجراي مقررات ضد پول‌شويي داشته باشد. با توجه به جايگزيني بانكداري الكترونيكي به جاي بانكداري سنتي و كاغذي، شايسته است سيستم بانكي براي شناسايي تراكنش‌هاي بانكيِ مشكوك به پول‌شويي، فناوري‌هاي پيشگيرانه‌اي به كار بندد و سامانه‌هاي پرداختِ مجهز به روش‌هاي كنترلي دقيق را در سامانه خدمات بانكي تعبيه نمايد. گام بعدي رعايت ضوابط و دستورالعمل‌هاي سيستم بانكي براي پيشگيري از جرم پول‌شويي است؛ مانند ضوابط احراز هويت، طبقه‌بندي اشخاص، تعيين سطح فعاليت مشتريان بانك، روابط كارگزاري با ساير بانك‌ها.

Banks and credit institutions are known as the principle center for currency transactions. Therefore, adopting the proper preventive strategies (programs) has a vital importance to prevent dirty money to enter the monetary and banking system. The first step to achieve this importance it is necessary the effective supervision of the Central Bank of Iran over the establishment of banks and credit institutions to prevent or hinder ineligible people (who launder money) to establish banking institutions and quasi-banks (quasi-banking institutions) for preparing a safe place for their illegal actions. Also, it is essential the continuous supervision over the all banking functions and actions by the Central Bank of Iran to ensure the implementation (enforcement) of the anti-money laundering regulations in the monetary and banking system. From the other side, the traditional banking has been replaced by the electronic and virtual banking and its main feature is the easy and online tracking and transferring. It is good (proper) that the banking system to recognize the suspicious (doubtful) banking transactions indicating money laundering provides (considers) technical equipment and payment systems which are equipped by the exact controlling methods in the systems of banking services for the technological prevention. The next step is to consider standards governing the banking system to prevent money laundering. According to the law on fighting money laundering (Anti-Money Laundering Law) and its implementing regulations, the standards are the duty of the Supreme Council for fighting against money laundering has codified regulations relating to identification and authentication, categorization of persons, determining customer-level activities, the relationship between brokerage and other banks in the form of the instruction. These regulations have had the preventive approach and its exact implementation by financial institutions has a crucial rule to decrease the scope of the commitment of money laundering. Keywords: The crime of money laundering, Doubtful transaction, The Central Bank of Iran, The Electronic Banking (e-banking), Prevention.