نگاهي تحليلي به روش تاليف آثار حارث بن اسد محاسبي

An Analytic Look at the Ḥārith bin Asad MuḥāsibῙʹʹs Methodology in Compilation of his Works

حارث مُحاسِبي زاهد، واعظ، محدّث، عارف، فقيه و متكلم قرن سوم است. رسايلي كه از وي بر جاي مانده، از منحصر به فرد بودن و راهگشاييشان براي ديگران حكايت دارند. كانون اين مكتوبات نفس انسان است. محاسبي در آثار خود تنها قصد تحليل يا تبيين نظري موضوعي را ندارد، بلكه نتيجهبخشي سخن نيز براي او مدّنظر است. وي از منابع چهارگانه (قرآن، حديث، سنت و عقل) در آثار خود استفاده مي‌كرده است؛ اما بيشتر از آنكه اين منابع در بحث، براي او اهميت داشته باشند، موضوع بحث براي او اصالت دارد. به همين دليل به معنايي ميتوان وي را اصالت موضوعي دانست، نه اصالت روشي. از اينروست كه بهوضوح ميبينيم او بر يك نهج سخن خود را نمينويسد؛ گاهي بهعنوان فقيه و گاهي همچون صوفي يا متكلم سخن ميگويد. ميتوان گفت محاسبي از روش تركيبي بهره مي‌برد. علاوه بر آن، بخشي از آثار وي در حوزه تصوف، حاصل عبادت است نه تعقل محض. محاسبي مخالفان بسياري داشته، اما در تاليف تحت تاثير آنان قرار نگرفته است. از قرن‌ها پيش كوششهايي براي معرفي آثار محاسبي انجام شده است؛ اما به دليل فقدان بخشي از آثار وي، اين تحقيقات از جامعيت برخوردار نيست و محققان با توجه به آنچه در دسترس است و بر اساس شواهد، آثار محاسبي را معرفي ميكنند. در اين مقاله به معرفي تحليلي روش تاليف آثار محاسبي مي‌پردازيم.

??rith bin Asad Mu??sib? is the ascetic preacher, Hadith expert, mystic, scholar and theologian of the third century. The treatises written by him and still available to us indicate how unique and helpful his works are. The focus of all his works is the human soul. In his works, Mu??sib? is not just concerned with analyzing or elaborating on the theoretical aspect of the subject, but he considered the effect of his words as well. He has utilized the four main sources of (Quran, Hadith, Tradition and Reason) in his writings, but paid more attention to the subject than the mentioned sources. For this reason he can be described as the subject-oriented rather than method-oriented author. That explains why he does not follow a single method in his writing; he sometimes acts as a jurist, sometimes as a Sufi and sometimes as a theologian. It can be said that he uses a combined method. In addition, part of his work in the field of mysticism, is the result of worshiping not pure reasoning. He had a lot of opponents, but was never influenced by them in his works. For centuries, attempts have been made to introduce Mu??sib?ʹs works, but due to the extinction of some of his work no comprehensive study has been done yet. The researchers, counting on his accessible works and other available documents, have introduced some. In this article, the analytical methodology of Compilation of his works is introduced.