نقش مولفه هاي كرامت در كمال انسان از منظر امام رضا (عليه السلام)

The role that Elements of dignity play in human perfection in the views of Imam Reza (AS)

چكيده: حفظ كرامت انسان به عنوان حق طبيعي، مبناي اصلي آموزه هاي ديني است. ناديده گرفتن اين حق، مانع كمال انسان است. بسياري از احاديث و سيره عملي امام رضا(ع) بيانگر مولفه هاي كرامت انساني است كه در كمال بخشي انسان نقش دارند. پرسش اصلي اين-است كه از منظر امام رضا(ع) چگونه كرامت انساني، در كمال انسان تاثير دارد؟ بررسي ها نشان مي دهد؛ از ديدگاه امام رضا(ع) مولفه هاي كرامت انساني مانند عبوديت، عقلانيت، آزادي خواهي، عدالت محوري و شاكربودن، نقش زيربنايي در كمال وجودي انسان دارد؛ زيرا هركدام از اين مولفه ها، دربردارنده آثار ومراتب كمالي است؛اولين مرتبه عبادت، شناخت خداست و مبناي خداشناسي توحيدمحوري است. عقل گرايي نظري و عملي، سبب كسب معرفت نسبت به حقايق و عمل به آن ها مي شود. آزادي خواهي مانع ركود در ابعاد مختلف فردي، اجتماعي و.. مي شود. عدالت محوري از رفتارهاي غيركمالي مانند فساد و رشوه جلوگيري مي كند. شكرگرايي حقيقي نيز با طي مراحلي مانند باورتوحيدي، اداي حق و خدمت به خلق ممكن مي شود. در اين مقاله، قايل به حصر مولفه هاي متعدد كرامت انساني نيستيم. اما اين نوشتار برخي از مولفه هاي كرامت انساني را به روش تحليلي-توصيفي در انديشه اسلامي بررسي كرده و تاثيرات اين مولفه ها را در تكامل انسان از ديدگاه امام رضا(ع) بازشناسي و تبيين مي كند.

Abstract: Human being is a creature who inherently identifies him/herself as a creature with dignity and thus seeks the respect of others. Preserving this dignity as a natural right, has been the basis for religious ides and courses and some human laws such as universal declaration of human rights. This right has constantly been among the needs and desires of human beings and depriving from it hinders humans from growth and perfection. In other words, dignity plays a fundamental role in change, evolution and perfection of human beings and the society. A large number of Hadith from Imam Reza (AS) as well as his life style and manners indicate that how elements of dignity help the human beings to fulfill their prime. The main question, then, is that from Imam Reza (AS) point of view how this role is played. Studies show that Imam considers a basic fundamental role for the components of human dignity including devotion, rationality, seeking freedom and justice and gratitude as any of them affect human perfection in different levels. The first level, devotion, leads to the comprehension of God where the foundation of such cognition, is to believe in Godʹs unity. Rationality, both in theory and practice, brings a perception of the truth and observing that truth in humansʹ deeds. Freedom seeking prevents inaction and indolence in various aspects of life: individual, social, political, etc. Righteousness and seeking justice results in not committing acts such as corruption, lying, and bribery. Lastly, true gratitude is achievable through taking certain steps like faith, believe in Godʹs unity, and serving people. There are many components to human dignity all of which we are unable to explain in this article. With an analytical-descriptive method, this document surveys only a number of these components in Islamic Opinion and then traces and elucidates their impacts on human perfection from the point of view of Imam Reza (AS).