توسعه دروني، الگويي متوازن، متعادل و پايدار براي توسعه و ارتقا كيفي شهر

Internal development, concordant, balanced and stable pattern to develop and promote the urban quality, planning for redevelopment of urban military land

گسترش بي‌رويه، شتابان و ناموزون كالبدي شهرها يكي از عوامل اصلي در بروز مسايل شهري به ويژه افت منزلت اجتماعي، عملكردي، زيست‌محيطي و كالبدي آنهاست. در مواجهه با اين معضلات، توسعه دروني به عنوان پايدارترين الگوي توسعه براي شهرها معرفي شده است. توسعهدروني، سياستي است كه باهدف دستيابي به توسعه موزون، متعادل و پايدار شهري به شناسايي و برنامه‌ريزي براي استفاده بهينه از ظرفيت‌هاي موجود توسعه در درون محدوده شهر مي‌پردازد. در اين ميان تاسيسات و اراضي نظامي دروني شهرها با پهنه‌هاي وسيع خود در شهرها، به عنوان يكي از مهم‌ترين ظرفيت‌هاي توسعهدروني ميتوانند فرصتي براي تجديد حيات شهرها باشند. هدف اين نوشتار دستيابي به برنامه تجديد حيات پايداراراضي نظامي درون‌شهري در قالب چارچوبي جامع است. در راستاي دستيابي به اين هدف، در مرحله اول با مروري بر ادبيات توسعه دروني و نظريات موجود و سابقه اين سياست در ايران و جهان، همچنين بازخواني مفهوم توسعه مجدد اراضي نظامي و رويكردها به آن، اهميت اين موضوع در توسعه شهري تبيين شده است، سپس در مرحله دوم با مستندسازي دو تجربه داخلي و خارجي و بررسي نقاط ضعف و قوت برنامه‌هاي اجرا شده، زمينه ارتقا دانش نظري در عرصه توسعه دروني و توسعه مجدد اراضي نظامي فراهم آمده تا با تكيه بر اين دانش بتوان سياست‌هاي كارآمدتري را اتخاذ كرد. روش تحقيق، از نوع تحليلي- تفسيري بر پايه مطالعات و ارزيابي نمونه‌هاي موردي است وتلاش شده به كمك اسناد كتابخانه اي و اينترنتي به بررسي موضوع مورد نظر پرداخته شود. نتايج حاصل از اين پژوهش نشان مي‌دهد توسعه مجدد اراضي نظامي درون‌شهري يكي از مهم‌ترين فرصت‌هاي توسعه دروني است كه علاوه بر كيفيت‌بخشي در عرصه پروژه، با تاثيرگذاري بر بافت پيراموني به‌ عنوان محرك برنامه‌هاي بازآفريني شهري عمل مي‌كنند. همچنين نتايج نشان مي‌دهد رابطه معناداري بين حضور و مشاركت دولت، شهرداري‌ها، نهادهاي محلي و بخش خصوصي با تحقق تجديد حيات موفق اراضي نظامي وجود دارد. مطالعات، بيانگر اين امر است كه مهم‌ترين اصل در فرايند تجديد حيات اراضي نظامي، برنامه‌ريزي و مشخص‌كردن جايگاه و نقش سازمان‌ها و نهادهاي مربوطه و مشاركت و هماهنگي‌هاي بين آنهاست.

Unsteady, hastily and inharmonic development of urban framework is one of the main factors in emerging urban issues especially social class status, bioenvironmental, framework decrease. In many years, most of development cases are not planed based on a system due to a wrong picture of development concept and method. At last, it is done by the simplest method in the original lands which are around the cities, it has followed some irrecoverable issues, for example, we did not care about the abandoned and unused areas in the cities, and the cities observe the horizontal and disjoined growth and it resulted in their instability. To solve these problems and reduce the incoming pressure on the cities peripheral lands and environment, a modern approach is introduced for internal development as the most stable development pattern for cities. Internal development is a policy which aims to achieve a balanced, harmonic and stable development in order to identify, plan for the optimum usage of existing development capabilities within the urban areas. We should mention that the optimum usage doesn’t mean the framework development of existing opportunities, but the approach follows social, cultural, bioenvironmental and economic aims. The internal development emphasizes on the effective exploitation of vacant and abandoned lands within cities in compared to the other policies of urban development, it targeted a wide variety of vacant and unused parts within the cities and with different scales. Among these, military plants and lands can be an opportunity for cities revival with a wide range in the cities as one of the most important internal development capabilities. The revival of these areas has been resulted in many urban economic and social investments returns due to their urban infrastructure, so it enjoys a significant importance in the internal development policy. The current study aims to achieve comprehensive framework. To achieve this goal, first we review the internal development literature and present theories and policy background in Iran and other parts in the world, also we reread the concept of military lands development and its approaches, its importance is specified in the urban development, then in the second step with documentation of two internal and external experience and investigation of implemented plans weaknesses and strengths, the field of theoretical knowledge upgrade provides in the arena of internal development with reliance on the knowledge to have more effective policies. The Study method is an analytic interpretive based on studies and evaluation of case study, it is tried to deal with investigation of that subject by internet and library documents help. The obtained results of study showed that the redevelopment of military lands which are within the cities is one of the most important opportunities of internal development. These lands where in the past time were formed around the cities, by passing the time they have been located in the cities with urban framework growth, they assigned wide areas to themselves, finally they can offer some unique opportunities for the cities stable development. Military lands redevelopment, in addition to the district quality in the project field , and affecting on the peripheral context can be as a drive in the urban recreation plans. So planning should be done foe redevelopment of these areas by evaluating the capability related to the needs, services-functional shortages of peripheral context and these areas dominance. Also the results show that redevelopment of these fields requires the management systematic with internal development policy growing. A structure which performs well with coordination and consistent with other components. Otherwise, the present structure is fading and meeting the goals is not possible. Many of these projects are important due to management barriers which have not been solved and custodian support of these lands to transfer their ownership in an imperfect way and the final goal has not been met. In other words, existing treasure protection, which is countries contemporary heritage, is considered important. Finally, based on the results emphasized that there is a significant relation between presence and government involvement, mayoralty, local organizations and private sector with military lands successful revival, it shows that the redevelopment of ineffective lands, in addition to economic benefits, influence on increasing life quality , social benefits and environmental benefits. Six main components include: harmonic management, citizenship involvement, effort for social liveliness effect on peripheral environment, bottom up planning, realization principle.